Anatomy and Physiology: Cell, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Musculoskeletal Systems

Which level of organization is composed of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

B. Tissue

Which term means 'away from the point of attachment'?

C. Distal

The heart is considered a(n):

C. Organ

Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?

C. Sagittal

Homeostasis refers to:

B. Constant internal conditions

Which term means 'toward the head'?

C. Superior

Which system works most closely with the muscular system to produce movement?

A. Nervous

The study of the structure of body parts is called:

B. Anatomy

Which is the correct order from simplest to most complex?

B. Cell → Tissue → Organ → System

Negative feedback mechanisms:

B. Maintain equilibrium

Which organelle produces ATP for cellular energy?

C. Mitochondrion

The cell membrane is described as:

C. Selectively permeable

Diffusion occurs when molecules move:

B. From high to low concentration without energy

Osmosis refers specifically to the movement of:

C. Water

Active transport requires:

B. ATP

Ribosomes are responsible for:

B. Protein synthesis

Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?

C. Cell membrane

Which type of solution causes a cell to swell?

C. Hypotonic

Lysosomes are important because they:

C. Digest waste

Which process moves large particles into the cell?

C. Endocytosis

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

D. Right ventricle

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the:

C. Pulmonary veins

Which vessel carries blood away from the heart?

C. Artery

Which blood cells are responsible for immunity?

C. White blood cells

Platelets function mainly to:

C. Clot blood

Hemoglobin is found in:

C. Red blood cells

The pulse is produced by:

B. Ventricular contraction

Capillaries are important because they:

B. Exchange gases and nutrients

Which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

B. Right

Which factor increases heart rate?

B. Exercise

The primary function of the respiratory system is to:

B. Exchange gases

Gas exchange occurs in the:

C. Alveoli

Oxygen enters the bloodstream by:

B. Diffusion

Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood as:

C. Bicarbonate

During inhalation, the diaphragm:

C. Contracts and flattens

Which structure prevents food from entering the lungs?

B. Epiglottis

Increased carbon dioxide levels cause breathing to:

C. Increase

Which muscle assists breathing during heavy exercise?

A. Intercostal muscles

The nasal cavity helps by:

B. Filtering and warming air

Smoking primarily damages:

B. Alveoli

Digestion begins in the:

B. Mouth

Salivary amylase digests:

C. Carbohydrates

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the:

C. Small intestine

Bile is produced by the:

C. Liver

The gallbladder's function is to:

B. Store bile

The stomach primarily digests:

B. Proteins

Peristalsis refers to:

C. Wave-like muscle contractions

The large intestine mainly absorbs:

C. Water

Which organ releases insulin?

B. Pancreas

Undigested material exits the body through the:

B. Anus

Bones primarily function to:

C. Support and protect organs

Which cells break down bone?

B. Osteoclasts

Which mineral is most important for bone strength?

C. Calcium

Skeletal muscle is:

B. Voluntary

Tendons connect:

B. Muscle to bone

Ligaments connect:

B. Bone to bone

The joint type of the knee is:

C. Hinge

Muscle contraction occurs when:

A. Actin slides over myosin

Which muscle tissue is found in organs?

C. Smooth

Which vitamin aids calcium absorption?

C. Vitamin D