AP human unit one

Spatial Perspective

the way geographical phenomena are arranged and organized in space, influencing human activity and interactions.

Clustered Spatial Pattern

A geographic arrangement where phenomena are concentrated in particular areas, often leading to more intense interactions and relationships among them.

Dispersed Spatial Pattern

A geographic arrangement where phenomena are spread out over a larger area, leading to less intense interactions and relationships among them.

Random Spatial Pattern

A geographic arrangement where phenomena are distributed without a specific pattern or order, resulting in unpredictable interactions and relationships among them.

Map scale

A ratio or representation that shows the relationship between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground, often expressed as a fraction, ratio, or graphic scale.

scale

The relative size or extent of a map or model compared to the real world, indicating how much actual distance is represented. ab

absolute distance

The exact measurement of space between two points, often quantified in units such as kilometers or miles, without considering other factors like the physical environment.

relative distance

Measures the level of social, culture or economic stability despite their absolute distance

Relative direction

Direction described as position, also describes movement

space

the area we occupy as humans; has no value until people who occupy it make it their own

Place

refers to how we modify space based on who we are as a group of people

Cultural Landscape

Geographic patterns of cultural traits and practices

Site

an absolute location on earth (exact measurements)

Situation

refers to the relative location

Isoline map

connects places that share a common value

topographic map

a graphic representation of the 3rd dimension configuration of earths surface

reference map

emphasize geographic locations

thematic map

emphasize spatial patterns of geographic statistics

choropleth map

uses color to show data on a map

cartogram map

distorts sizes to show data

proportional/ graduated circle map

uses symbols to represent underlying numerical values

fieldwork

collecting data by visiting in person

absolute location

precise position on earth’s surface

latitude

the horizontal lines across the invisible grid

longitude

the vertical lines across the invisible grid

prime meridian

0 degrees latitude at greenwich england

satellite imagery

images of earths surface taken from a satellite

global scales of anaylsis

looks at geographic phenomena across the world

regional scales of anaylsis

analyse phenomena within a specific region

national scales of analysis

analyse geographic phenomena for a specific country

local scales of anaylsis

analyze geographic phenomena within a state or province

Formal region

a area inhabited by people who have one or more traits is common

Functional/Nodal region

need not be culturally the same but is a geographical area that has been organised to function on its own

Nodes

central points where functions are coordinated and directed

Metropolitan area

a heavy populated urban core and its less populated surroundings

Perceptual/Vernacular region

based on shared feelings

GIS

Geographic information systems, software application for positions on earth

GPS

Global Positing system, satellites orbiting to locate places

Remote sensing

collecting and gathering data from afar

Census

a official count or survey of population

Time-Distance decay

near things are more related than distant things

map projections

represents the surface of a celestial sphere on a plane

mercator projection

peters projection

goode homolosine projection

polar projection

robinson projection

Time space compression/convergence

the decreasing distance between places

sense of place

a mental map

contested boundaries

when boundaries are over the subject of dispute

placelessness

the feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment

placemaking

a variety of efforts that manage public efforts

cultural landscape

the visible imprint made by humans on the environment

physical landscape

anything humans did not change or create

ecology

the study of complex relationships among living organisms

cultural ecology

studies the interactions between societies and their local environments

concept of land use

how humans change environments to create a built one for humans

tsunami

a huge ocean wave produced by displacement of a lot of water

natural resources

materials or substances that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain

nonrenewable resources

resources that can run out

renewable resources

resources that can be replenished by nature

greenhouse gasses

compounds in earths atmosphere

greenhouse effect

the trapping of greenhouse gases

sustainability

practices that meet the needs of the future without compromising the future

environmental determinism

the belief that the physical enviorment in the dominant force

enviormental possiblism

and physical enviorment offers a number of possible ways for a society to develop