FTCE PreK-3 Language Arts & Reading (1)

Alphabetic Principle

also called the graphophonemic awareness. Written words are composed of patterns of letters that represent the sounds of spoken words correspondence between sounds and letters phonological reading.

Phonics

is the application of sounds to print.

Concepts of Print

the understanding that print carries a message; that books are organized by title, cover, and author; and the directionality of print-left-to-right progression, top-to-bottom order, and one-to-one correspondence. Identification of both upper and lower case letters.

Early Childhood literacy development

begins with exposing children to literacy-enriched environments

Print consistencies

understanding that text is made up of letters that form words and are then combined to form sentences.

Word consciousness

Children who have access to books can tell the story through the pictures before they can read. Gradually they begin to realize the connection between the spoken words and the printed words.

Language & Conventions of print

children learn how to hold a book

Functions of print

children discover that print can be used for a variety of purposes and functions

Fluency

through listening to adult models

Approaches for Developing Readers

linguistic approach
cognitive approach
social approach

Linguistic Approach

developed by Chomsky

Cognitive Approach

syntactic and semantic structures

Socia-Cognitive Approach

cognitive skills in oral language that will supply to reading comprehension. Teaching them how to monitor question predict and confirm word consciousness-can tell story thru pictures before they can read and gradually begin to realize the connection between spoken works and printed words.

Phonemic Awareness

is the ability to hear identify and manipulate the individual sounds or phonemes in spoken words. Examples: language games

Storybook Reading

affects children's knowledge about

Prose fiction

is literature about imaginary people

Prose nonfiction

is literature that is about real events

Memoirs

type of autobiography

Flat character

is one-dimensional and is often defined by one characteristic.

Round character

seems like someone you know.

Similes

direct comparisons between two things using "like" or "as".

Metaphors

indirect comparisons

Personification

giving human characteristics to nonhumans

Semantic mapping

is a strategy of organizing information in which the students use a visual representation to show how words or concepts are related.

Graphic organizers

pictorial methods of organizing information to help the student remember it more efficiently.

Comparison text

is an expository text that gives contrasts and similarities between two or more objects and ideas.

Collection text

text presents ideas in a group.

Description text

gives the characteristics or qualities of a particular topic. Within this text

Causation or cause-effect text

text is one in which faulty reasoning may come into play

Morphology

study of word structure

Syntax

rules of pattern relationships that create phrases and sentences from words; sentence structure

Decoding

refers to the students' abilities to sound out a word by translating different letters or groups of letters into the sounds they represent.

Rate

slow or fast; how fast a child reads

Automaticity

how quickly one can identify a word or a large bank of words.

Accuracy

evaluate reading by keeping running record determines which reading level a child is at

Authors purpose

may be to entertain or persuade or to inform or describe

Writing process

Prewriting
Drafting
Revising and Editing
Proofreading
Publishing

Morphemes

prefixes
suffixes
root words

Caldescott Medal

books that deemed exemplary reading choices

Pre-phonemic spelling

children know that letters stand for a message

Early phonemic spelling

children are beginning to understand spelling. They usually write the beginning letter correctly and finish with consonants or long vowels.

Letter-name spelling

Some words are consistently spelled correctly. The child spells unknown words by attempting to match the name of the letter to the sound.

Writing skills steps

role play writing

Role Play Writing

students write in scribbles and assign a message to the symbols

Experimental Writing

write in simple forms of language often writing letters according to the way they sound

Early Writing

small range of familiar text forms and sight words in their writing.

Conventional Writing

proofread their writing and edit it for themselves

Common difficulties

do not have requisite phonemic awareness to beginning reading they have difficulty with phonological memory.
they experience problems with lexical access and lack the ability to rapidly name colors

Early warning signs

Failure to identify or recognize letters in child's own name.
Lack of interest in sing song rhymes.
Learning and remembering names and shapes of letters.
Trouble comprehending simple instructions.

Methods for intervention

Encourage child to name or describe objects people and event in their everyday life.
Read pictures and storybooks that focus on sounds and rhymes.
Introduce new vocab words during holidays and special activities.
Encourage the child to describe a story about his or her drawing and write down the words.

Big Five Critical Areas of Reading Instruction

phonemic awareness

Methods used to teach the Big Five

balanced literacy curriculum that focuses on the use of skills in various instructional contexts for example independent reading

DIBELS

measures progress in literacy from kindergarten to grade 3

Prosody

involves word accenting