Honors World History Semester 2 Final Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from World History lecture notes.

Imperialism

Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country to dominate its political, economic, and social life.

Nationalism

Intense pride in one's nation.

Social Darwinism

Belief that stronger nations are naturally superior and have the right to dominate weaker ones.

Meiji Restoration

Rapid modernization of Japan to avoid colonization.

Sphere of Influence

Area where foreign powers controlled Chinese trade/ports.

Militarism

Arms race and glorification of military power.

Alliances

Entangling defense pacts between nations.

Reparations

Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate for war damages.

Serfdom

System where peasants are bound to the land and controlled by landowners.

Bolsheviks

Radical socialist party that seized power in Russia.

Fascism

An authoritarian government rooted in nationalism, militarism, and loyalty to a dictator.

Appeasement

Giving in to an aggressor to avoid war.

Genocide

Systematic extermination of a group.

Final Solution

Nazi plan to eliminate Jews.

Holocaust

Murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazis.

Cold War

An ideological war (U.S. vs. USSR) without direct fighting, marked by tension and proxy wars.

Proxy War

War fought indirectly through other nations or groups.

Containment Policy

Strategy to prevent the spread of communism.

Glasnost

Openness; policy of increased freedom in the USSR.

Perestroika

Economic restructuring; introduction of some capitalism in the USSR.

Nonviolence

Using peaceful methods to achieve political change.

Apartheid

Legal segregation by race in South Africa.

Zulu Rebellion

Zulu resistance was crushed due to European advantages in guns and disease immunity (Guns, Germs, Steel).

Sepoy Mutiny

Indian soldiers rebelled against British control due to religious insensitivity and mistreatment.

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese nationalists failed to expel foreigners.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk by German U-boats, contributing to the U.S. entry into WWI

Zimmermann Telegram

A secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany.

War Guilt Clause

Germany took full blame for WW1.

Lenin

Promised to end the war, redistribute land, and provide food.

Great Depression

Worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929.

Hitler Youth

Used groups like Hitler Youth to train loyal followers and instill Nazi ideology.

D-Day

Normandy Invasion.

Truman Doctrine

Aid to fight communism.

Marshall Plan

Rebuild Europe.

Berlin Airlift

Supply West Berlin.

NATO

Military alliance.

Vietnam War

Stop communism from spreading.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Nuclear tension.

Bay of Pigs

Failed U.S. invasion of Cuba.

Tiananmen Square

Students demanded democracy/Gov’t crushed protest with violence (Symbol of oppression).

Salt March

An act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mahatma Gandhi.

Balfour Declaration

British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Red Guards

Youth groups used for enforcing communism.

Cultural Revolution

Chaos, destruction of traditional culture and education.

Iron Curtain

Term by Churchill for the division between communist East and democratic West in Europe.

Nuremberg Trials

Punishment for Nazi war crimes

WWII

World War II

WWI

World War 1

Mussolini

Rose to power during the time of Great Depression

The Great Depression

Economic collapse → unemployment