Bio Lecture 03/04: Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

What is released during the oxidation of glucose in cellular respiration?

Energy

What does oxygen do in cellular respiration?

Oxygen accepts electrons and is reduced.

What are the two main types of phosphorylation involved in ATP production?

Substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

It is when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to produce ATP.

What are NADH and FADH2 used for in cellular respiration?

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain.

What happens during glycolysis?

Glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

What is the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

It catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.

What does the citric acid cycle produce per acetyl CoA?

It produces 1 CO2, 1 NADH, and 1 GTP (or ATP).

What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?

Ethanol and NAD+.

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

To transfer electrons and pump H+ ions to create a proton gradient.

What is chemiosmosis?

The process of using a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

What range of ATP can ideally be produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

32-34 ATP.

How does feedback inhibition regulate cellular respiration?

Low ATP increases respiration rate, while high ATP decreases it.

What alternative fuels can cells use for respiration?

Amino acids, glycerol, and fatty acids.

What is the significance of the respiratory chain's redox reactions?

They enable controlled release of energy to power ATP production.

What must happen to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

It must be oxidized to acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle.