Chemistry Final 2025

metal

type of element that is a good conductor of heat and electric current

transition metal

type of element characterized by the presence of electrons in the d orbital

ionization energy

energy required to remove and electron from an atom

atomic radius

one half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms are joined

electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

period

horizontal row on the periodic table

group

vertical column in the periodic table

Kr

Of the elements Pt, V, Li and Kr, which is a nonmetal

noble gasses

Argon, Krypton and Xenon are

ionization energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is the atoms

Mendeleev

The idea of arranging the elements in the periodic table, according to their chemical and physical properties is attributed to

It tends to decrease

how does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

number

The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic ______.

halogens, because they have the strongest electromagnetic force

which family is the most electronegative and why?

increases

as the atomic number of the metals in group one increases, the ionic radius

Li

which of the following elements has the smallest ionic radius?

Rb> Mn> Ge> S> F

which of the following is ranked in order of the largest smallest atomic radius?

metalloids

to what category of elements does an element belong if it is a poor conductor of electricity under some conditions and a good conductor under other conditions?

it takes more energy to remove the second electron as compared to the first because the nucleus finds the electrons more tightly as each electron is removed

which of the following statements are correct and provides the best explanation when removing the first two electrons from calcium? (Think about the graphic activity we did in ionization energy exploring.)

it is more difficult to remove a second electron from an atom

why is the second ionization energy greater than the first ionization energy?

number of protons

The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers what determines the position of each element on the periodic table

properties

elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar

Fluorine

what is the element with the highest electronegativity value?

Magnesium

which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus?

11

The atomic number of lithium, the first element in group one, is three. The atomic number of the next element in this group is

The group 13 elements

The newly discovered element with an atomic number 113 is a member of

Br

which of the following elements is most similar to chlorine?

metals

which of the following categories includes the majority of the elements

copper

which of the following elements is a transition metal?

fluorine

The element that has the greatest electronegativity is

chlorine

which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?

electronegativity

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound is called

the lanthanides

what are the elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 called?

S is larger than Cl

which statement is true about ionic radii?

Lithium

what element in the second period has the largest atomic radius

ground state

lowest energy level

atomic orbital

region of high probability of finding an electron

aufbau principle

tendency of electrons to enter orbitals of lowest energy first

pauli exclusion principle

each orbital has at most two electrons

electron configuration

arrangement of electrons around atomic nucleus

hunds rule

Each box in a level must have one electron before adding seconds

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

expanded electron configuration for argon

orbitals with 2 electrons must have opposite spins

pauli exclusion principle (written)

light spectrum

the pattern of lines that appears in a tube

the s orbital

A spherical electron cloud surrounding in atomic nucleus would best represent

orbital shape

The letter quotation P quotation in the symbol 4P³ indicates the

emission of electromagnetic radiation

The change of an atom from an excited state to the ground state always requires

Energy must be absorbed

for an electron in an atom to change from the ground state to an excited state

drops from a higher to a lower energy level

emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron

increases

as the principal energy level increases in an atoms, orbitals the average distance of an electron energy level from the nucleus

7

for the F sub level, the number of orbitals is

frequency times wavelength

for electromagnetic radiation C (the speed of light) equals

5

The number of orbitals for the D sub level is

speed

visible light, x-rays, infrared radiation, and radio waves all have the same

8 × 10^9

what is the approximate frequency of a photon having an energy 5×10^-24 J (h= 6.6 × 10^-34 j•s)

violet

which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?

ground state

if electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom is in the

dumbbells

The P orbitals are shaped like

energy

which variable is directly proportional to frequency

hertz

The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is measured in waves per second or

d

what subshell is represented by the transition metals?

p

what subshell is represented by groups 13 through 18?

s

what subshell is represented by the alkaline and alkaline earth metals?

32

how many elements are found in period six of the periodic table

2

s-sub shell

6

p-sub shell

10

d-subshell

14

f-subshell

polyatomic ion

tightly-bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a net charge

binary compound

compound composed of two different elements

anion

atom of group of atoms having a negative charge

monatomic ion

consists of a single atom with a positive or negative charge

cation

atom of group of atoms having a positive charge

double covalent bond

a covalent bond where two pairs of electrons are shared

polar bond

a covalent bond between two atoms of significantly different electronegativitys

single covalent bond

a covalent bond in which only one pair of electrons is shared

ionic bond

the force of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together

valence electron

an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

electron dot structure

a depiction of valence electron around the symbol of an element

octet rule

atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas

Dinitrogen Pentoxide

The name for N2O5

Dinitrogen Trisulfide

Name for N2S3

Silicon Dioxide

the name for SiO2

nitrate

which polyatomic ion forms a neutral compound when combined with a group one a monatomic ion in a one-to-one ratio

phosphorus trichloride

The binary compound PCl3 is called

PbO2

which of the following compounds contains the lead(IV) ion?

CaCl2

what is the formula for the compound formed by calcium ions and chloride ions?

Al 3+

aluminum is a group 3 a metal which ion does aluminum typically form

Al2(SO4)3

what is the formula for the compound formed by aluminum in the sulfate ion?

Dinitrogen Pentoxide

The compound made by combining two nitrogen atoms and five oxygen atoms would be called

only anions

what type of ions have names ending in IDE

noble gas

The elements of the____group satisfy the Octet rule without forming compounds

H2S

which of the following is a binary compound?

Covalent dinitrogen teroxide

what type of compound is N204 and what is its name?

-2

The ion formed when oxygen gains electrons to become a stable will have what charge

lose two electrons

when group 2, a elements form ions, they__

two pairs of valence electrons and two single valence electrons

The correct Lewis structure for the oxygen atom has

covalent bond

The chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons is a

valence electrons

The electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond are

has a negative charge

an anion