male and female reproductive system (NH)

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bulbourethral gland

gland just inferior to the prostate gland that secretes mucous (pre-cum) in response to sexual arousal

bulbourethral gland

Cowper’s gland

epididymis

a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens

• stores mature sperm prior to ejaculation

• sperm moves through this in 10 to 15 days

penis

• male genital organ carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation

• consists largely of erectile tissue and serves also for the elimination of urine

scrotum

sac that holds testes away from the body to maintain lower temperature during sperm production

seminiferous tubules

reside in testes and produce sperm

• immature sperm stay here

testes

primary reproductive organ

vans deferens

Thick-walled tube in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis, where the sperm are stored prior to ejaculation

seminal vesicle

produce nutrients (fructose sugar) for sperm

prostate gland

produce alkaline fluid to help move sperm along

testosterone

primary sex hormone

• develop male reproductive system and promote maturation at puberty

does testosterone act as negative feedback loop?

yes

• increase in testosterone leads to decrease in gonadotropin releasing hormone

• decrease in testosterone leads to increase in gonadotropin releasing hormone

penile tissue

• corpus cavernous (outer)

• corpus spongiosum (inner)

the corpus spongiosum contains…

urethra

the corpus cavernous and corpus spongiosum assist with?

transport blood during erection

• controlled by parasympathetic nervous system

diploid cells

46 chromosomes

haploid cells

23 chromosomes

ovaries

female primary sex organ

ovaries produce…

oocytes

oocytes mature during…

ovarian cycle

fimbriae

finger like projections that connects fallopian tube to ovaries

what connects to the uterus

fallopian tubes

uterus is known as

womb

uterus layers

• perimetrium (outer)

• myometrium

• endometrium (inner)

what sheds during menstruation

endometrium

FSH

ovarian follicle matures and begins to secrete estrogen & progesterone

estrogen and progesterone purpose

enlarge endometrium & supply with blood vessels for potential pregnancy

mature follicle is called

Graafian follicle

LH

• released halfway through cycle

• release oocyte from ovary

where does the remaining follicle remain at?

corpus luteum and continues to secrete estrogen & progesterone

corpus luteum degenerates into…

corpus albacan

corpus albacan causes…

decrease secretion of estrogen & progesterone which causes menstruation

estrogen

development & maturation of F reproductive system in utero and during puberty

testosterone (in females)

promote muscle development, bone growth, development of secondary sex characteristics, maintains libido

fertilized oocyte is called…

zygote

what does zygote develop into…

blastocyst

trophoblast

outer layer of blastocyst which secretes human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone

human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone

• allows corpus luteum to survive & enlarge

• continue produce estrogen & progesterone to prevent menstruation

bartholin’s gland

vestibular gland

vestibular gland

secretes lubricating fluid to lubricate the vagina during sexual arousal

does testosterone help with stimulating growth of hair on the scalp?

no, bc male pattern baldness

estrogen promotes what in females…

proliferate phrase

progesterone promotes what in females…

luteal phase & secretory phase

which hormones are high at beginning of menstrual cycle?

FSH and estrogen

where does the luteal phase occur?

ovaries

where does the secretory phase occur?

uterus

where does implantation occur?

endometrium

cervix

• connects the body of the uterus to the vagina

• lining contains glands that make and release mucus

  • for most of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy, the mucus is thick and stops sperm from entering the uterus

fallopian tubes

• transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month

• presence of sperm and fertilization, the uterine tubes transport the fertilized egg to the uterus for implantation

ovarian follicles (Graafian follicles)

• rounded enclosures for the developing ova in the cortex near the surface of the ovary,

• providing for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte (ovum)

• forms the corpus luteum, which promotes and maintains implantation of the embryo

ovaries

primary female reproductive organs, or gonads

uterus

a female reproductive organ that is responsible for many functions in the processes of implantation, gestation, menstruation, and labor

vagina

- main functions

• provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman’s monthly period

• receives the penis during sexual intercourse

• holds the sperm until they pass into the uterus

• provides a passageway for childbirth