APUSH Unit 1 Quiz Review (French&Indian War (9/9)

The Colombian Exchange

Countries competing to control trade routes; God, gold, glory.

Improved navigation, killed off natives through disease, improved life expectancy of colonists through stolen goods (food, etc.)

Mestizoes

Half Spanish, half (typically Aztec) Native American

New England

Puritan; families; longer lives (improved climate, less disease); merchants & artisans; subsistence farming

Middle Colonies

"Bread Basket", also traded in cities (NYC, Philadelphia)

Chesapeake

Virginia+Maryland, tobacco farming and trade through/along the coast

Southern Colonies

Plantation-based, labor intensive staple crops (Rice, indigo, cotton), small number of elite plantation owners, majority small farmers, ALL SOLD BACK TO EUROPE

Jamestown

Virginia based colony; first colony to stick, 1607 (Starving time, John Rolfe introduced tobacco)

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Plymouth; Established by pilgrims on Mayflower, 1620 (City upon a will - John Winthrop)

Maryland Colony

Catholic settlers

Pennsylvania Colony

Quaker settlers

Virginia House of Burgesses

1619 - first elected legislative in the colonies, 2 elected representatives from each county to establish laws and taxes

Mayflower Compact

1620 - Pledged to establish civil government with the authority to enact laws.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 - Slave revolt, moves slaves to indentured servants (giving them motive not to revolt)

The Great Awakening

Challenged tradition, hierarchy, and quiet rationalism. Led to more populist, democratic way of thinking.

Mercantilism

Equal trade value; A favorable balance of generated wealth. (tariffs & laws)

Navigation Acts

Colonists could only buy/sell to Britian

Molasses Act

1733 - Heavy taxing on French molasses

French & Indian War Years

1754-1760

French & Indian War

1st Major Battle - fought along the Ohio River Valley (Pittsburg, PA); hoped to stop the French from working on Fort Duquesne & win control of ORV, thus leading to the government sending small militia under George Washington

The Albany Plan

1754 - Designed to have colonies fight together (fails)

Sets precedents for more revolutionary congress in 1770

General Braddock (1755)

1755 - led 1500 British regulars & Virginia Militia men out of Fort Cumberland in west Maryland to oust the French from Fort Duquesne.

Proves to colonists the British are not as equipped

Iroquois Confederacy

Iroquois sided with the British in NY when most Natives sided with the French

The Peace of Paris

1763 - Ends the War

Proclamation line of 1763

1763 - Gives more land to British; adventure is not allowed beyond Ohio River Valley due to British not wanting to supply troops

Upsets colonists looking to move west

Sugar Act 1764

1764 - Taxes sugar and molasses (Does get enforced unlike the Molasses Act)

Stamp Act 1764

1764 - All documents, newspaper, pamphlets, and books are taxed heavily

1766 - Stamp Act repealed

Sons of Liberty

Organized to fight the new taxes through protests, boycotts, and violence

1766 - Stamp Act repealed

The Boston Massacre 1770

British soldiers fire into crowd

Used by Sam Adams & Paul Revere (Sons of Liberty) to ignite hatred against British

Parliament passes Declaratory Acts

1767 - Assertion of Parliament did have right to tax colonists

Intolerable Acts 1774

1774 - Closes Boston harbor

Quebec Act

Offered toleration to French Catholics (giving Western land meant for colonists)

Forced colonists to house British soldiers

First Continental Congress 1774

1774 - Delegates from colonies (except Georgia) meet to discuss tensions

- "If you go to war, so do we."

Shot Heard 'Round the World'

April 1775 - minutemen vs. Gen. Gages troops at Lexington

British retreat after concord

2nd Continental Congress 1775

1775 - Appointed George Washington Commander of continental Army

Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'

Rallies the people for independence from England.