Science Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Cell Membrane

Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment

Cytoplasm

Constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell memebrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a cell’s life processes

Cell wall

Rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria

organelle

Structure in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances

Nucleus

Organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material

Chloroplast

Green, chlorophyll-containing, plant-cell organelle that uses li

Mitochondrion

Cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy

Ribosome

Small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes; can be rough (with attached ribosomes) or smooth (without attached ribosomes).

Golgi Body

Organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell

Tissue

Group of similar cells that work together to do one job

Organ

Structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together.

Photosynthesis

Process by which most plants, some protists, and many types of bacteria make their own food

Magnify

To increase the size of something

Cell theory

States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells

Disease

A condition that results from the disruption in function of one or more of an organisms’s normal processes

Virus

A strand of hereditary Material surrounded by a protein coating.

Host Cell

Living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli

Lysosomes

Contain disgestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell water, and worn-out cell parts

Vacuole

A membrane-bound space for temporary storage of materials. It can store waste, water, food or other cellular material