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define gender
the social construction of cultural meanings that are attached to biological differences in genitalia
define race
the social construction of cultural meanings that are attached to biological differences in bone, skin, and hair
what is doing gender
the ways in which we actively perform gender in our interactions and daily lives.
what is neocolonialism
the continued exploitation and oppression of underdeveloped countries by highly developed nations through unfair advantages in trade and diplomacy
what are the 4 levels of analysis
micro, meso, global, and international
what is liberal feminism
rooted in liberal democracy and individual rights, stressing equal opportunity and freedom of choice
the system/ the matrix of oppression is…
an interlocking, hierarchal system of: race/racism, class/classism, gender/sexism, nation/neocolonialism, sexuality/homophobia, age/ageism, species/speciesism, and other dimensions…
liberal feminism vs. radical feminism
liberal feminism fights sexism within, radical feminism changes the entire system
what is internalized oppression
the oppressive and exploitative attitudes, behaviors and beliefs of “the matrix” (“the system”) that are “accepted”, either consciously or unconsciously, by the very people who are oppressed by these stereotypes and become part of their psychological makeup
what is biological determinism
the idea that a groups biological or genetic makeup shapes its political, social, and economic outcomes
what is androcentrism
the privileging of male and masculine centered ways of understanding the world
what is the bechdel test and its three criteria
features at least two women characters, those two women characters talk to each other, they talk to each other about something other than a man
what is intersectionality
the interlocking system of various dimensions of the matrix of oppression and resistance
the personal is political means…
politics includes conflicts among individuals or groups hoping to achieve power
what does socially lived theorizing mean
creating feminist theories and knowledge from actual day to day experiences
gender studies is…
committed to people who have been excluded from the norm; marginalized groups, women of color, immigrants, LGBTQIA+, people with disabilities, mother nature and animal life
what is reflexivity
how ones social location influences the way we understand the world
what is agency
ability to make some choice and influence the outcome of our lives
what is the path of least resistance
not neutral, is an action and a choice, siding with the status quo of the powers that be
what is cultural relativism
customs and values of different societies differ; thus you have different sets of ethics and standards
the 4 waves of feminism and dates
the first wave 18302-1920s, the second wave 1960s-1980s, the third wave 1990s-2010s, the fourth wave 2010s-present?
define what it means by “waves”
the metaphor suggest both continuity and discontinuity with the past as women shape new theoretical understandings and political agendas that speak for their generations and shape the historical period
the first wave of feminism
1830s-1920s the right to vote/19th amendment, advocating for slavery to be abolished, early suffrage movement
the second wave of feminism
1960s- 1980s civil rights movement, reproductive rights, affirmative action, sexual liberation, war against poverty, environmental movements, anti war and anti nuke movements
the third wave of feminism
1990s- 2010s sexual ambiguity, multiple identities, personal voices
the fourth wave of feminism
2010s-present? a focus on intersectionality and using social media for the empowerment messaging, slut walks, #metoo