Psychology Exam 2 Review: Learning, Memory, and Intelligence

Creativity

using creative ideas to adapt to novel situations

Classical conditioning

a type of learning demonstrated by Pavlov's dogs

Anterograde amnesia

condition H.M had following his procedure to end his seizures

Test-retest reliability

assessment given to determine if the same result will be produced if used again

Variable interval reinforcement

reward after a changing/random amount of time passes

Cerebellum

part of the brain associated with classical conditioning

Hippocampus

part of the brain associated with explicit memories

Amygdala

part of the brain associated with flashbulb memories

General intelligence

concept created by Spearman

Extrinsic motivation

being motivated by external rewards

Basal ganglia

part of the brain that deals with procedural memory

Emotional intelligence

comprised of perceiving emotions, using emotions, managing emotions, understanding emotions

Intrinsic motivation

wanting to earn an A on exam motivates you to study

Observational learning

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment was an example of this

Misinformation effect

remembering an accident differently than it happened

Explicit memories

facts & general knowledge

Memory

the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Variable ratio reinforcement

reward after a randomly chosen instance of the target behavior

Fixed variable reinforcement

reward every hour

Positive reinforcement

you add something pleasant or desired

Negative reinforcement

take something away unpleasant

Latent learning

skills or knowledge gained from experience, but not apparent in behavior

Fixed ratio reinforcement

reward every 5 targeted behaviors

Crystallized intelligence

refers to accumulated wisdom, knowledge, expertise

Negative punishment

take something away that is pleasant/desired

Proactive interference

when past info interferes with learning new info

Intelligence

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Assessment validity

refers to the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure

Mood congruent memory

excitement while studying aids recall if you are also excited while taking the exam

Positive punishment

adding something unpleasant or aversive

Context-dependent memory

words learned underwater are better retrieved underwater

Punishment effectiveness

when should punishment be administered to be effective? Immediately

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