Paper 1 Rights and Protest South Africa Test

Pass Laws

- Legal restrictions in South Africa during apartheid requiring black South Africans to carry passbooks for movement through areas 

Suppression of Communism Act

-1950s

-prohibits anti-apartheid activity/protests (powerful weapon against ANC)

General Laws Amendment Act

- 1963

- strengthened police powers to detain individuals without trial and suppress opposition to apartheid

Freedom Charter 1955

- A document that outlined the demands for democracy, equality, and human rights in South Africa during the anti-apartheid struggle

- called for a non-racial and democratic society

National Party responses to ANC actions

- there was a series of legislative and police measures implemented by the National Party to suppress the activities of the ANC and maintain apartheid

- including laws targeting protests, assembly, and freedom of expression (such as the Suppression of Communism Act and the General Laws Amendment Act)

ANC leadership-Luthuli to Mandela

- The African National Congress (ANC) leadership evolved from Albert Luthuli (who advocated for nonviolent resistance)

- to Nelson Mandela (who later adopted more radical measures against apartheid)

- This transition highlighted the changing strategies and approaches within the liberation movement.

Why did the ANC adopt the armed struggle, and what did it look like?

- The ANC adopted the armed struggle as a response to the increasing violence and oppression under apartheid

- they believed that nonviolent protest was no longer effective. (This included sabotage of government infrastructure and targeted attacks on military installations to undermine apartheid forces)

What was Mandela’s role in the armed struggle?

- He helped establish a strategy for sabotage and organized operations to challenge the apartheid regime, showcasing a shift from peaceful resistance to armed confrontation

Mandela 1961-1964, what was he doing?

- Nelson Mandela was involved in organizing and leading the armed struggle against apartheid as a co-founder of the MK

- He was actively engaged in planning sabotage campaigns and was later arrested, leading to his imprisonment.

Rivonia Trial and Imprisonment of ANC leaders

- The Rivonia Trial was a pivotal moment in South African history, where key ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela, were tried for sabotage and armed resistance against apartheid.

- Their imprisonment drew international attention to the struggle against apartheid and highlighted the ANC's commitment to ending racial oppression

Mandela, I am Prepared to Die

- speech delivered by Nelson Mandela during the Rivonia Trial in 1964

- In it, he articulated his commitment to the struggle against apartheid and the importance of freedom, emphasizing that he was willing to sacrifice his life for the cause.