1.7 Digital design and manufacture

computer-aided design (CAD)

the use of computers to create 2D working drawings or 3D virtual models

computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

the use of computers in the manufacturing of products

Computer numerically controlled (CNC)

Using a program to convert CAD drawings to drive CAM equipment

advantages of CAD

speeds up design, easier collaboration, can be integrated with CAM systems

disadvantages of CAD

setup costs, constant updates, not useable for quick sketches

laser cutting

CAD drawings can be uploaded and cut out using a laser

routing

usually cut sheet materials too big for the laser cutter

milling

CNC versions can automatically change tools to suit the different jobs needed on a material

turning

CNC versions can change tool automatically

plotter cutting

coverts 2D CAD drawings to a CNC program that will use coordinates to cut out sheet materials

virtual modelling

can test products before manufacture by using 3D CAD models that can be put into a virtual model of where it may be used

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

simulates the flow of fluids or gases around or within a product, highlighting where issues may arise

finite element analysis (FEA)

a component stress analysis, highlights weak points within a product

rapid prototyping

a machine will create a 3D model of a design quickly so that tests and evaluations can be done

3D printing

uses fused deposition modelling (FDM) that builds the model up in layers using a thermoplastic filament

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

a system of capturing data when consumers purchase goods, usually used to to control stock levels

Master Production Schedule (MPS)

plan that determines how many products will be made within a given time period

kanban

a method of controlling the flow of materials and components through a factory. Barcodes are scanned when things are used so storage is organised and reorders are placed.

Automatic guided vehicle (AGV)

robots, similar to forklift trucks, used to carry materials and finished goods around a factory