A&P UNIT 4 Lung Function

What does the external nares do?

filtration and sensation of eating and smelling

What is the function of nasal conchae?

surface area for moistening the air

What is the trachea supported by?

c shaped hyaline cartilage

Where is the shared digestive and respiratory track?

pharynx

What is the order of Pharynx?

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

What do the vvestibular folds and vocal folds do?

adjust tension to produce sounds and speech

What is the function of hard palate?

allows for separation of eating and smelling

What is the function of epiglottis?

closing and opening for food and air redirection

What does the cilia of respiratory tissue do?

beat that moves thin watery sweat to wallow mucus and small spores

What do goblet cells do?

make mucus cartilage

What type of reaction maximizes respiratory intake?

fight or flight

What is the visceral pleural membrane?

outermost membrane combination of connective tissue

What is the parietal pleural membrane?

sticks to the rib cage

What is the pleural covity have?

small amount of fluid

What is conducting zone?

airflow only

What is the terminal bronchile?

last branches to just get air where it needs to go. no gas exchange

What is the respiratory bronchioles?

bronchioles that can do gas exchange

What are alveoli made up of?

simple squamous epithelium

What are properties of respiratory capillaries?

no tunica media, only simple squamous epithelium

What is between the alveoli and capillaries?

basement membrane

What are the two muscles related to inhalation?

diaphragm and external intercostals

as airways get smaller and smaller what happens?

smooth muscle is present but no cartilage

What is the function of Type 1 Alveolar cells?

gas diffusion

What is the function of alveolar macrophages?

debris removal and defense

What do the Type II Alveolar cells do?

regulates surface tension by producing surfactant and repair tissues

What size alveoli is best for gas exchange?

smaller

What are the respiratory membranes?

type 1 alveoli cells, basement membrane, and endothelial cells

What is the equation for AMV?

breathing rate times (tidal volume - dead space)

What is the primary rhythm generator?

Ventral respiratory group

What respiratory group(s) help the primary rhythm generator?

dorsal and potine

Carbon dioxide ___ blood pH

lowers

How does the body adjust for blood oxygen?

based on pH of blood

What monitors the pH of 4th ventricles in the medulla?

central CR

What chemoreceptor is found in the carotid and aortic

Peripheral CR

What receptors are used in bronchi, bronchioles, and visceral pleura

stretch receptor

What is the CR that activates the cough reflex and receives via the vagus?

irritant receptor

When working out, how much of the pulmonary capillaries are used?

more length

Oxygen needs _____ for it to dissolve into the blood

Hemoblogin

What is the only problem with higher affinity Hemoglobin?

its harder for oxygen to get removed from it

Systemic venous blood has a ____ pH than arterial blood.

lower

What is the Bohr effect?

lower pH causes hemoglobin to release oxygen

In carbon dioxide loading, what does carbon dioxide turn into?

carbonic acid

What is carbon anhydrase?

big enzyme that catalyzes reversible reaction and makes carbon acid

What is the chloride shift?

as bicarbonate leaves the red blood cell, chloride moves in

partial presure doesn’t indicate concentration because it

takes solubility into account

How many subunits does hemoglobin have?

4

What is BPG?

a waste product of glucose breakdown

What does BPG do?

lowers affinity of oxygen and improves oxygen delivery