Chapter 25 - New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania

The two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas were

a. Cuzco and Tehnochtitlan.

b. Mexico City and Cuzco.

c. Tenochtitlan and Mexico City.

d. Lima and Mexico City.

e. Lima and Chanchan.

d. Lima and Mexico City.

The first plentiful labor force for North America was

a. metis purchased from Canada.

b. African slaves.

c. native Americans who worked as part of a complicated barter system.

d. indentured servants.

e. peninsulares from South America.

d. indentured servants.

The first people of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish were the

a. Aztecs.

b. Maya.

c. Inca.

d. Chimu.

e. Tainos.

e. Tainos.

In 1779, the English explorer Captain James Cook died during a violent confrontation in

a. Peru.

b. Guam.

c. New Zealand.

d. Hawai'i.

e. Australia.

d. Hawai'i.

The last emperor of the Aztec empire was

a. Motecuzorna II.

b. Motecuzoma I.

c. Atahualpa.

d. Itzcoatl.

e. Topa.

a. Motecuzorna II.

The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was

a. the Spanish strength in numbers.

b. the military precision of the well-trained Spanish troops.

c. the devastating loss of life caused by European-borne diseases.

d. the overwhelming Spanish superiority in guns and cannons.

e. the Spanish alliance with the Maya.

c. the devastating loss of life caused by European-borne diseases.

Which of the following was not a difference between the Spanish approach to colonization and that of the English and French?

a. The Spanish saw the Americas as a land to exploit rather than one to settle or colonize.

b. The English and French viewed the indigenous populations as their equals.

c. Private investors played a much greater role in the English and French approach.

d. Iberian explorers had royal backing.

e. The English and French did not encounter large, centralized states.

d. Iberian explorers had royal backing.

The chief Spanish royal administrators in the Americas were

a. the conquistadors.

b. the haciendas.

c. the encomiendas.

d. the peninsulares.

e. the viceroys.

e. the viceroys.

The Treaty of Tordesillas

a. ended the English practice of raiding Spanish treasure galleons.

b. split Central and South America between Spain and Portugal.

c. granted England control over Australia.

d. ended the Seven Years' War.

e. limited Spanish northern expansion at modem-day Florida.

b. split Central and South America between Spain and Portugal.

The English colony of Jamestown

a. was burned to the ground during a French invasion.

b. was wildly successful and quickly recouped the original financial investment.

c. mysteriously disappeared during a period when the English were too busy to send aid.

d. was nearly destroyed due to mass starvation.

e. served as a remarkably satisfactory location for the Puritans.

d. was nearly destroyed due to mass starvation.

The first great American cash crop, exported initially from Virginia, was

a. indigo.

b. maize.

c. rice.

d. tobacco.

e. wheat.

d. tobacco.

When the Spanish invaded the Aztec empire,

a. the subject tribes of the empire remained faithful to the Aztecs.

b. many of the subject tribes formed alliances with the Spanish.

c. the subject tribes fled south for Inca protection.

d. they were emboldened by their previous easy conquest of the Inca.

e. they were interested in gaining control of tobacco as a profitable cash crop.

b. many of the subject tribes formed alliances with the Spanish.

The conquistador who conquered the Inca was

a. Balboa.

b. Cortes.

c. Cabral.

d. Magellan.

e. Pizarro.

e. Pizarro.

Which of the following sites in North America was originally a Dutch colony?

a. Port Royal

b. Quebec

c. Plymouth

d. Jamestown

e. New York

e. New York

In North America the Europeans initially found a profitable commodity when they bartered for

a. molasses.

b. tobacco.

c. fur.

d. indigo.

e. maize.

c. fur.

Which of the following was NOT true of the American Indians that the English and French came into contact with?

a. The Indians lived in dozens of distinct societies.

b. The North American Indians did not live in densely populated areas.

c. The North American Indians did not have large, centralized states like the Aztecs and Inca.

d. The Indians guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than the Europeans did.

e. The Indians practiced agriculture, but moved frequently in pursuit of game.

d. The Indians guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than the Europeans did.

For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was

a. sugar.

b. slaves.

c. tobacco.

d. precious metals.

e. a new class of trading partners to buy Spanish manufactured goods.

d. precious metals.

The British initially made use of Australia

a. as a busy port on the route from Acapulco to Manila.

b. because of its rich silver mines.

c. as a tourist retreat.

d. because of its extraordinary agricultural abundance.

e. as a penal colony.

e. as a penal colony.

The conquistadores

a. eventually lost control and were replaced by formal rule by the Spanish crown.

b. in turn were defeated by French forces.

c. lost control because of a bloody battle between the forces of Cortes and Pizarro.

d. established empires in Central and South America that lasted until the eighteenth century.

e. eventually died of the very same smallpox that they had unwittingly introduced to the Americas.

a. eventually lost control and were replaced by formal rule by the Spanish crown.

Hernan Cortes was responsible for the conquest of the

a. Tainos.

b. Moche.

c. Aztecs.

d. Inca.

e. Chimu.

c. Aztecs.

To provide labor for their sugar plantations, the Portuguese

a. copied the Spanish repartimiento system.

b. made extensive use of indentured servants.

c. relied on imported African slaves as laborers.

d. offered higher wages than their Spanish counterparts did.

e. copied the Spanish encomiendas.

c. relied on imported African slaves as laborers.

Which of the following are methods of resistance to Spanish rule employed by the native populations of the Americas?

a. rebellion

b. halfhearted work

c. hiding from the Spanish in mountains and forests

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The encomenderos were

a. Spanish settlers.

b. Aztec priests who viewed the Spanish as visiting gods.

c. the Spanish administrative officials who ruled over the colonies and reported back to Spain.

d. individuals of indigenous and European parentage.

e. the first society of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish.

a. Spanish settlers.

Dona Marina was

a. a Mexican woman who aided Cortes in his conquest of the Aztecs.

b. the leading Spanish banker who funded exploration.

c. the nautical term for the dominant westerly wind that made voyages to the Americas faster.

d. the Portuguese explorer who first sighted Australia.

e. the first viceroy of the Spanish colonies in the Americas.

a. a Mexican woman who aided Cortes in his conquest of the Aztecs.

Spanish migrants who were born in Europe were known as

a. peninsulares.

b. encomiendas.

c. mestizos.

d. mulattoes.

e. zambos.

a. peninsulares.

The English, French, and Dutch

a. discovered gold and silver mines that rivaled the Spanish claims.

b. were more interested in setting up permanent colonies than the Spanish.

c. never showed any serious interest in the Americas.

d. were like the Spanish in that they viewed the Americas as a land to exploit rather than a place to settle.

e. did not play a role in the Americas until the mid-18th century.

b. were more interested in setting up permanent colonies than the Spanish.

By the 17th century, the most prominent site of agriculture in Spanish America was the

a. metis.

b. quinto.

c. zambo.

d. hacienda.

e. repartimiento.

d. hacienda.

The Portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil

a. after the discovery of rich gold and silver mines.

b. after a Spanish military loss to France removed Spain as a serious rival for control of Brazil.

c. after brazilwood became a major cash crop.

d. after the English victory over the Spanish Armada.

e. after the establishment of profitable sugar plantations.

e. after the establishment of profitable sugar plantations.

The term "mestizo" refers to

a. the coins that were used in the Aztec empire.

b. an individual of indigenous and European parentage.

c. the Spanish plantations on which millions of Central and South Americans were enslaved.

d. the percentage of silver that went to the Spanish government.

e. the Aztec term for the mysterious disease that devastated their population.

b. an individual of indigenous and European parentage.

The Virgin of Guadalupe essentially became a national symbol for

a. Mexico.

b. Peru.

c. Brazil.

d. Chile.

e. Argentina.

a. Mexico.

Christopher Columbus's first plan was

a. to plunder the legendary wealth of the Aztecs.

b. to form an alliance with the Aztecs against the Inca.

c. to form an alliance with the French before attacking the Tainos.

d. to build trading posts where merchants could trade with the local population.

e. to subjugate the native population as a slave race for the Spanish.

d. to build trading posts where merchants could trade with the local population.

The last emperor of the Inca empire was

a. Viracocha.

b. Atahualpa.

c. Topa Inca.

d. Motecuzoma II.

e. Pachakuti.

b. Atahualpa.