Section 4: The Progressive Era :1900-17

Hist 221 Midterm

Muckrakers

Journalists, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, early 1900s, US, Investigative reporters exposing corruption and injustice; fueled Progressive reforms

Social Gospel

Protestant reformers, Walter Rauschenbusch, 1870-1910, Urban US, Applied Christian ethics to social problems; linked faith w social reform

Jane Addams

Founder of Hull house, 1889, Chicago, Pioneered social work and urban reform; symbol of women’s activism in Progressive Era.

Taylorism (Scientific Management)

Frederick Winslow Taylor, early 1900s, US factories, System for efficiency and productivity; influenced industry but dehumanized labor.

Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)

Frances Willard and reform-minded women, 1870-1900, Nationwide, Key force behind Prohibition and women’s reform movements.

1902 Coal Strike

Teddy Roosevelt, mine workers and owners, 1902, Pennsylvania, Roosevelt mediated labor dispute; showed federal government acting for public interest

Gifford Pinchot

First Chief of U.S. Forest Service, conservationist, early 1905, US forests, tripled nation’s forest reserves

Bull Moose Progressive Party

Teddy Roosevelt, reform Rep, 1912, US, 3rd party reform anddirect democracy; split GOP helping Wilson win

Eugene Debs

Socialist Party leader, labor activist, 1890-1920, US, Citizens proposed laws directly expanded democracy

Referendum

Progressive reformers, early 1900s, State governments, voters can approve/reject laws; increased public voice in politics

Recall

Progressive reformers, Early 1900s, State governments, voters can remove officials; strengthened accountability

Federal Reserve Act

Woodrow Wilson, Congress, 1913, DC, Created central banking system; stabilized economy and regulated currency

18th Amendment

Congress, temperance advocates, 1919, US, Prohibition, reflected moral reform spirit of the era

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage activists (Susan B Anthony), 1920, US, women can vote! major milestone for democracy and gender equality