CMA Test Daily Flashcards

Celsius =

(°F - 32) X 5/9

Fahrenheit =

(°C) * 9/5) + 32

Adhesive pulse ox sensors can go on

the forehead, nose or finger.

Pulse ox sensors to measure oxygen levels in the blood usually go on

the fingers, earlobe or toe

things to remember when administering pulse ox sensor

remove nail polish first, hands or feet are not too cold for accurate reading

Tympanic thermometer for an adult

pull the outer ear up and back to straighten the ear canal for insertion

tympanic thermometer for a young child

pull the outer ear down and back

FACES pain scale

used for children

chain of infection

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

Wave scheduling

This system schedules multiple patients in the same time period, perhaps the top of the hour or within the first 30 minutes, and then patients are seen based upon who arrives first. This gives more flexibility within each hour.

Double-booking

This system books two patients at the same time for their appointment and then provides medical services concurrently; it is beneficial if one has labs or tests that need to be done and the provider can alternate between their care.

Clustering

Patients are scheduled in groups with common medical needs (schedule all new patients on Tuesdays or all wellness exams on Friday

A sentinel event

something that occurs unexpectedly in the hospital and causes patient death or serious injury. These are reported to the Joint Commission.

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Protein (iron-containing oxygen-transport) in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the respiratory organs to the rest of the body.

Hematocrit (Hct)

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Hemoglobin A1C

Identifies blood glucose levels over approximately 3-month period

hematology

responsible for blood and blood disorders (tests like CBC and morphology)

chemistry

responsible for chemicals in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine

Microbiology

responsible for microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc)

Immunohematology

responsible for blood typing

Hemoglobin (HGB) specimen type

hematology, blood specimen

hemoglobin test included

Hgb

hemoglobin reference range/results (male and female)

Male: 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL

Female: 12 to 16 g/dL

hematocrit specimen type

hematology, blood specimen

hematocrit test included

Hct

hematocrit reference range/results (male and female)

Male: 41% to 53%

Female: 36% to 46%

Complete Blood Count (CBC) specimen type

hematology, blood specimen

CBC tests included

White blood cell count

Red blood cell count

Platelet count

Granulocyte ratio

Hgb

CBC white blood cell count reference range/results

4,500 to 11,000/mm3

CBC red blood cell count reference range/results (male and female)

Male: 4.5 to 5.9 million/mm3

Female: 4 to 5.5 million/mm3

CBC platelet count reference range/results

150,000 to 400,000/mm3

CBC granulocyte ratio reference range/results

50% to 70% (of all white blood cells)

nosocomial

hospital acquired- a nosocomial infection is one that a person gets while in the hospital for something else

For hot and cold compresses remember

hot opens and cold closes

Heat will do what

dilate blood vessels-opening them more and increasing blood flow

cold will do what

constricts blood vessels decreasing blood flow and swelling (Cold is good the first 48 hours after injury then switch to heat)

Compresses- hot or cold- should be applied for no more than

20 minutes at a time with skin checks every 5 minutes!

4 R's

reinforce, refer, record, reflect

Reinforce

instructions or teachings prescribed by the provider

refer

to the provider for anything outside a CMA's scope of practice

record

keep a record of everything

Reflect

Use reflective statements to angry or upset patients aka pick the statement that doesn't actually resolve anything

Antihypertensive

decrease blood pressure

Antihistamine

used for allergies/allergic reaction

Diuretics

increase urine output, can be used to decrease blood pressure

Antipyretic

fever reducer

antineoplastic

slow cancer growth

antitussive

suppress coughs

antiemetic

reduce nausea/vomiting

analgesic

relieve pain

Statins

class of drugs that lower cholesterol

Acyclovir

(any med ending in -vir is an antiviral)

albuterol

bronchodilator for asthma

ibuprofen

(NSAID like Advil for pain or fever, anti inflammatory)

Acetaminophen

(pain, fever like Tylenol)

metformin

Type 2 diabetes

heparin, warfarin

anticoagulant (blood thinner to prevent clots)

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

antihistamine

Serous drainage

clear and watery (thin liquid) and is normal with healing

Sanguinous drainage

bright red blood and means there is active bleeding

Purulent drainage

nasty, green or yellow pus (can be brownish), usually smells and is always bad! It is a sign of infection

Sterile dressing change

put on new gloves after you dispose of the old dressing

Medical asepsis

reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms and prohibit their growth

Sanitization

reduces the number of microbes to a lower level so that they are ready to undergo the sterilization or disinfection process.

Disinfection

he process of destroying pathogens or rendering them inactive on surfaces and items (can use 1:10 bleach solution)

Sterilization

destruction of all living organisms, including pathogens and their spores

Autoclaving

the most widely accepted method to achieve sterilization, recommended temperature an autoclave must reach is between 250° and 270°

contraindication

a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person, example: Accutane is contraindicated during pregnancy because it causes birth defects

Subcutaneous injection site

upper, outer arm; abdominal region; and the upper thigh

subcutaneous angle

45 degrees

subcutaneous

23-25 G

subcutaneous needle length

5/8 inch

intradermal injection site

forearm

intradermal angle

5 to 15 degrees

intradermal needle size

25-27 G

intradermal needle length

¼ to ½ inch

Intramuscular (IM) injection site

deltoid, ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis

intramuscular angle

90 degrees

intramuscular needle size

22-25 gauge

intramuscular needle length

1 to 1 ½ inch

EKG lead placement for 12 lead

fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K (can be stored)

Goniometer

an instrument that measures angles, used by orthopedist, PT , etc

5 lead

smoke over fire, snow over grass, brown in the middle

EKG placement for missing limb

Holter monitor instructions

stages of grief

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Venipuncture order of draw

Yellow, (light) blue, red, marbled red, green, marbled green/, lavender, gray

(y'all better realize my grandmother must love grapes)

Dermal Puncture (recommended order of draw for capillary blood collection)

Blood gasses

EDTA tubes

Other additive tubes

Serum tubes