Chpt 15: Special Considerations in Sports

What are the two basic pathologies of diabetes and what’s their basic differecne?

Type 1: pancreas can’t produce insulin

Type 2: pancreas produces enough insulin but cells are insulin insensitive/resistance

Define hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, ketosis, ketoacidosis

-         Hyperglycemia: high BG

-         Hypoglycemia: low BG

-         Ketosis: buildup of ketones

-         Ketoacidosis:  acidic blood from buildup of ketones

For a diabetic individual, why does the body rely more on fat and protein despite high blood glucose?

Because glucose can’t enter cells, that’s why there is high BG

What are some negative effects of chronic high BG? Give two

Muscle wasting, muscle weakness, loss of bw,

-         Blindness

-         Kidney dysfunction

-         Heart disease

-         neuropathy

What is downregulation?

Decrease in the number of receptors in response to chronically high levels of a hormone

How is exercise beneficial for type II diabetics?

Exercise activates glucose transporters independently of insulin

What are some common symptoms (3) of diabetes?

-         Excessive thirst

-         Excessive urination

-         Dehydration

What are the challenges for athletes with type I diabetes?

Requires careful self-monitoring

-         Timing of insulin

-         Dosage

-         Timing of meals

-         Meal composition

-         I and D effects

-         Environment

What are the two ways that athletes can self-monitor glucose levels?

Urine glucose test

BG monitor test

What are some (3) signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia? Hyperglycemia?

Hypo: sweating, pounding heart, hunger

Hyper: nervousness, restlessness, thirst

On average, how much should a pregnant athlete increase daily caloric intake?

300 kcals

Why should collegiate athletes avoid alcohol?

Excess calories, priority fuel: inhibits metabolism of CHO, fat, pro, stimulate appetite (poor late night consumption choices), inhibits recovery

How many kcal/g does alcohol provide?

7kcal/g

Why are calories from alcohol considered “empty?”

Because it’s not a nutrient

What are the ways that alcohol intake can result in weight gain?

stimulate appetite (poor late night consumption choices)

don’t consider calories

priority fuel, body burns first and leads to fat storage