deblas final exam flashcards

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40 Terms

1
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Indentured Servitude

Workers (usually poor Europeans) who signed contracts to work 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World.

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Bacon’s Rebellion

A violent rebellion in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia’s colonial government challenging economic inequality and policies toward Native Americans.

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House of Burgesses

The first legislative assembly in the colonies, founded in Virginia in 1619, representing the beginning of self-government.

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Mercantilism

An economic theory where colonies existed to benefit the mother country, emphasizing a favorable balance of trade.

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Proclamation of 1763

A royal order issued by King George III prohibiting colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

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Boston Massacre

A 1770 confrontation where British soldiers killed five colonists, used as propaganda to fuel anti-British sentiment.

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Treaty of Paris (1783)

The treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing US independence and setting its borders.

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Articles of Confederation

The first US government framework, created a weak national government with most powers held by the states.

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Federalism

A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, like states.

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Nullification

The idea that states could invalidate federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

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Second Great Awakening

A major religious revival that emphasized personal faith, emotional preaching, and led to various social reform movements.

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Cotton Kingdom

The term describing the South's focus on cotton cultivation, leading to an economy heavily dependent on slavery.

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Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that the US was destined to expand its territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

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Sectionalism

Loyalty to a particular region of the country rather than to the nation as a whole, increasing tensions leading up to the Civil War.

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Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the Constitution who feared a strong central government and advocated for a Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties.

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Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government and the ratification of the Constitution.

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Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of territory from France that doubled the size of the US and opened land for westward expansion.

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Natural Rights

The concept that individuals have inherent rights such as life, liberty, and property, central to the Declaration of Independence.

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Saratoga

The turning point battle of the American Revolution in 1777, leading to French support for the American cause.

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Harvard College

Founded in 1636, it was the first college in America, reflecting the New England emphasis on education.

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Embargo Act (1807)

Thomas Jefferson's law prohibiting all foreign trade to avoid conflict, which harmed the US economy.

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XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident between the US and France that led to an undeclared naval conflict known as the Quasi-War.

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Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, aimed at gaining equal rights for women, particularly suffrage.

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War of 1812

A conflict fought between the US and Great Britain primarily over maritime rights, leading to increased American nationalism.

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Stamp Act (1765)

A direct tax on printed materials in the colonies, leading to colonial protests and the slogan 'no taxation without representation'.

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Intolerable Acts (1774)

A series of laws passed by Britain to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, which united colonists in opposition.

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Virginian Dynasty

The idea that early US Presidents, largely from Virginia, shaped the foundation of government and political ideals.

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Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 revolt by farmers against tax on whiskey, demonstrating the federal government's authority to maintain order.

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Shays' Rebellion

An armed uprising in 1786 against the AOC, highlighting the weaknesses of the government and leading to calls for a stronger federal government.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War, resulting in significant territorial gains for the US.

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Civil Rights Movement

A broad campaign aimed at ending racial discrimination and securing equal rights for African Americans.

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Isolationism

A foreign policy stance that avoids involvement in international alliances and conflicts.

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American System

An economic plan promoted by Henry Clay that advocated for a strong national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.

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Political Corruption

The use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain, prevalent in the 19th century.

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Gadsden Purchase

The 1854 purchase of land from Mexico that facilitated a southern transcontinental railroad.

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Dred Scott v. Sandford

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1857 that ruled African Americans could not be American citizens and that Congress had no authority to regulate slavery in the territories.

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Great Compromise

A constitutional agreement that established a bicameral legislature, balancing representation by population and equality.

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House of Commons

The lower house of the UK Parliament, known for representing the public's interests.

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Northwest Ordinance (1787)

A law that established a method for admitting new states and laid out a plan for governance of the Northwest Territory.

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Temperance Movement

A social movement advocating for the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption, part of the larger reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening.