BIO 201 Unit IV Module 13 Digital Artifact - Sophia Bammler

Created by Sophia Bammler on 7/16.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Involuntary division of the PNS that controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands to maintain homeostasis.

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

"Fight or flight" division prepares the body for stress and activity.

Parasympathetic Nervous System (ParaNS)

"Rest and digest" division that conserves energy and promotes digestion/ maintenance.

Homeostasis

Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity to keep the body's internal environment stable.

Preganglionic Neuron

1st ANS neuron that carries signals from the CNS to a ganglion and releases ACh.

Postganglionic neuron

2nd ANS neuron, carries signals from the ganglion to the target organ.

Ganglion

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS where pre- and postganglionic neurons synapse

Nicotinic Receptor

Ionotropic receptor activated by ACh and found on all postganglionic neurons in the ANS.

Muscarinic Receptor

Metabotropic (GPCR) receptor activated by ACh on parasympathetic target organs.

Adrenergic Receptors (α & β)

Metabotropic receptors activated by NE / E on sympathetic target organs.

SNS Neurotransmitter Pathway

Preganglionic neuron releases ACh → nicotinic receptor; postganglionic neuron usually releases NE → adrenergic receptor.

ParaNS Neurotransmitter Pathway

Preganglionic neuron releases ACh → nicotinic receptor; postganglionic neuron releases ACh → muscarinic receptor.

SNS Effects

↑ Heart rate, bronchodilation, pupil dilation, sweating, blood to skeletal muscles, ↓ digestion and urination.

ParaNS Effects

↓ Heart rate, bronchoconstriction, pupil constriction, ↑ digestion, urination, and energy storage.

Adrenal Medulla

Modified sympathetic ganglion that releases epinephrine (adrenaline) into the bloodstream, creating a widespread and prolonged fight/flight response.