Lesson 4: physiological perspective

psychology

the study of human behavior and mental processes

psychology

GOAL is to describe, understand, predict and control

William James

"I-self" self that knows who he or she is; thinking self; pure ego

"Me-self" emperical self; describing the person's personal experiences

I-self

refers to the self that KNOWS who he or she is; thinking self; pure ego

Me-self

is the EMPIRICAL self; it refers to describing the person's personal experiences.

Carl Rogers

define the self as a flexible and changing perception of personal identity

Carl Rogers

he suggests that the self develops from interactions with significant people and awareness of one's own characteristics and level of functioning.

self concept

refers to the image of oneself

Carl Rogers

stated that humans are always striving for self-actualization

self actualization

it is the need for personal growth and discovery that is present throughout a person's life.

real self

includes the ideas, including the awareness of "what I am" & "what I can do."

Ideal self

the persons conception of what one should be or wanted to be that includes one's goals and ambition in life.

multiple self

constructed across different roles and relationships

multiple self

coping with different selves is a challenge among adolescence and contributes to person's struggle for unified self

False self

hides and protects the nature self

false self

adolescence change their selves depending on the situation

Albert Bandura

Proactive & Agentic Self

Proactive & Agentic self

humans have the ability to act and make things happen

Proactive & Agentic self

the features of human agent enable people for self development, adaptation & self renewal with changing times

intentionally

to act done intentionally and requires omniscience

Forethought

The anticipation of the consequences of actions.

Self-reactiveness

the ability to make choices and choose appropriate actions as well as motivating and regulating their execution.

Self-Reflectiveness

the ability to reflect upon oneself & the adequacy of one's thoughts and actions

Bandura

stated that efficacy beliefs are the foundation of human agency

self efficacy

the individuals belief that he/she is capable to perform a task

self efficacy

it plays a role in self regulation the ability to control one's behavior without having to rely to others for help

conscious

The small amount of mental activity we know about

Subconscious

Things we could be aware of it we wanted or tried

Unconscious

Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of

Id

is the part of the unconscious mind and comprises the two instincts: Eros and Thanatos

Erik Erikson

Psychosocial stages of Development

Erik Erikson

he stated that adolescence stage is a period of identity development.

status symbols

adolescents try to establish their identity through status symbols.

Erik Erikson

he argued that humans undergo eight psychological stages of development

Erik Erikson

he defined eagle as a positive force that contributes to identity formation.

self seeking

Material: bodily appetites and instincts.

love of adorment, foppery, acquisitiveness, constructiveness, love of home, etc.

self seeking

SOCIAL: desire to please, be noticed, admired, etc.

sociability, emulation, envy, love, pursuit of honor, ambition, etc.

self seeking

SPIRITUAL: intellectual, moral, and religious aspiration, conscientiousness.

self estimation

MATERIAL: personal vanity, modesty, etc.

pride of welth, fear of poverty

self estimation

SOCIAL: social and family pride, vainglory, snobbery, himility, shame, etc.

self estimation

SPIRITUAL: sense of moral or mental superiority, purity, etc. sense of inferiority, etc. sense or guilt.

self actualization

call Rodger stated that humans are always striving for _

self-actualization

the need for personal growth and Discovery that is present throughout the person's life.

Albert Bandura

the features of human agent enable people for self development, adaptation and self renewal with changing times

id ego super ego

sigmund freud (psychonalysis)

3 structures of personality:

infancy (birth to 18 months)

children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.

early childhood (2 to 3 years)

children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt

preschool (3 to 5 years)

children need to began a certain control and power over the environment. success in this case leads to a sense of purpose. children who try to exert too much power experience this approval, resulting in a sense of guilt.

school age (6 to 11 years)

children need to cope with new social and academic demands. success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.

adolesence (12 to 18 years)

teens need to develop as sense of self and personal identity. success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, welfare leads to roll confusion and a weak sense of self.

young adulthood (19 to 40 years)

young adults need to form intimate, loving relationship with other people. success leads to strong relationships, failure results in loneliness and isolation.

middle adulthood (40 to 65 years)

adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefit other people. success leads to feeling of usefulness and accomplishments while failure results in shallow involvement in the world

maturity (65 to death)

older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, wild failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair