Clinical Judgment and Psychopharmacology

These flashcards cover key concepts of clinical judgment and psychopharmacology, based on the lecture notes provided.

What is clinical judgment?

Clinical judgment is the thought process by which healthcare professionals arrive at conclusions using objective and subjective data.

Which types of reasoning are used in clinical judgment?

Both automatic, intuitive reasoning and analytic, reflective reasoning are used in clinical judgment.

What is the first step in the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Model?

Recognize cues.

What is an important factor in the nursing process according to the NCSBN model?

Prioritize hypotheses.

What are some neurotransmitters involved in psychopharmacology?

Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that facilitate neurotransmission and play a role in psychiatric illness.

What are common classes of psychotropic medications?

Antidepressants, antianxiety agents, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic agents, and anticholinesterase agents.

What are side effects of antipsychotic medications?

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and anticholinergic side effects.

What is the mechanism of action for antidepressants?

Antidepressants primarily interact with monoamine neurotransmitter systems, especially norepinephrine and serotonin.

What are mood-stabilizing drugs used for?

Mood-stabilizing drugs, like lithium and certain anticonvulsants, are used to treat bipolar disorder.

What is a common teaching point for SSRI users?

SSRIs are typically taken in the morning.

What can cause serotonin syndrome?

A combination of MAOIs and SSRIs can lead to serotonin syndrome.

What is elctroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used for?

ECT is used for severe depression and other mental health disorders when other treatments have failed.

Why is cultural consideration important in psychopharmacology?

Cultural factors can affect drug metabolism and response to medications.

What is the role of the nurse in mental health education?

The nurse helps distinguish between facts and hypotheses and provides information to improve adherence.

What factors contribute to nonadherence in treatment?

Side effects, stigma, confusion about dosage, and access to treatment are common reasons for nonadherence.

What is the importance of a tapering regimen in psychopharmacology?

Tapering helps avoid rebound symptoms or withdrawal when discontinuing medication.

What is the recommended action for missed doses of antidepressants?

For SSRIs, doses can be taken up to 8 hours after the missed dosage.