The Human Skeleton and Skull Anatomy (Lecture Notes)

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering the major topics from the lecture notes on the skeleton, axial skeleton, skull anatomy, paranasal sinuses, sutures, fontanelles, and facial/orbital bones.

The skeleton accounts for __ of body mass.

20%

The skeleton has two major divisions: and .

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

The axial skeleton consists of __ bones.

80

The skull is divided into cranial and __ divisions.

facial

Joints between skull bones are called __.

sutures

Most skull bones are flat and firmly locked together except for the __.

mandible

The skull is formed by two sets of bones: cranium (__) and facial bones.

skull

Paranasal sinuses include __, __, __, and __.

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

Fetal fontanelles include anterior, posterior, sphenoidal (anterolateral), and __ (posterolateral).

mastoid

There are eight cranial bones: frontal bone, two bones, occipital bone, two bones, __, and ethmoid.

parietal; temporal; sphenoid

The frontal bone forms the superior wall of the __.

orbits

Frontal sinuses are located just lateral to the __.

glabella

The four major sutures are Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid, and __.

Squamous

Cranial bones form the _ bones that enclose the brain.

eight (or cranial)

The skull has 85 named openings called __.

foramina, canals, and fissures

Cranial fossae include anterior, middle, and __.

posterior

The frontal bone forms the superior wall of the __.

orbits

Frontal sinuses are located just lateral to the __.

glabella

The three regions of the temporal bone are __, __, and __.

squamous; tympanic; petrous

The foramen magnum is the large hole through which the brain connects with the __.

spinal cord

The occipital bone articulates with the __, __, and __ bones.

parietal; temporal; sphenoid

The external occipital protuberance is a protrusion just superior to the __.

foramen magnum

The occipital condyles articulate with the first vertebra, the __.

atlas

The superior and inferior nuchal lines are attachment sites for many __ and back muscles.

neck muscles

Mastoid and styloid processes are attachment sites for muscles of the neck and __.

tongue

Maxillary sinuses flank the nasal cavity __.

laterally

The alveolar processes of the maxilla hold the upper __.

teeth

The inferior nasal conchae are __ bones.

paired

The nasal septum is formed by the vomer and the __ plate of the ethmoid bone.

perpendicular

The seven bones forming the orbit are Frontal, Sphenoid, Zygomatic, Maxilla, Palatine, Lacrimal, and __.

Ethmoid

The lacrimal fossa houses the lacrimal __.

sac

The hyoid bone acts as a movable base for the __ and a site of attachment for swallowing and speech muscles.

tongue

The paranasal sinuses help to __ the skull and enhance resonance of voice.

lighten or lighten and resonate (accept either wording)

There are four fontanelles in an infant: anterior, posterior, sphenoidal (anterolateral), and __ (posterolateral).

mastoid

Fontanelles are __ remnants of fibrous membranes.

unossified

The nasal cavity floor is formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and the __ plate of the palatine bone.

horizontal

The ethmoid bone contains the __ plates that form the roof of the nasal cavity and the crista galli.

cribriform

The crista galli is the attachment point for the brain’s __ mater.

dura

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms part of the __ septum.

nasal

The sphenoid bone is the __ bone that articulates with all other cranial bones.

keystone

The sphenoid contains three pairs of processes: __, __, and __.

greater wings; lesser wings; pterygoid processes

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica houses the __ gland.

pituitary

The optic canal transmits the __ nerves.

optic

Foramen spinosum transmits the __ artery.

middle meningeal

The mandible consists of the body and two upright __.

rami (ramus)

The mandibular foramen allows passage of the __ nerve.

inferior alveolar

The mental foramen transmits the mental __.

nerve

The maxilla contains the __ for nerves and vessels (infraorbital foramen).

infraorbital foramen

The hard palate is formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and the __ plate of the palatine bone.

horizontal

The nasal septum is formed by the vomer and the __ plate of the ethmoid bone.

perpendicular

The orbit is formed by parts of seven bones, including Frontal, Sphenoid, Zygomatic, Maxilla, Palatine, Lacrimal, and __.

Ethmoid

The lacrimal fossa houses the lacrimal __ which drains tears.

sac

The zygomatic arch is formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the __ process of the zygomatic bone.

temporal

The scalp is supported by the bones of the __ girdle and the bones of the lower limb (not part of skull, included here for contextual contrast).

skeletal system (contextual)