Poly Sci Final 1A Sciences Po Paris Menton

Gramsci on Political Narratives

• Causal Narratives

• Role of hegemonic narratives on the public

• Narratives are instrumentalized by politicians

Components of A Reference Frame

Values, standards, algorithms

Jones

Sequential analysis, emergence of identification as an issue

Lowi

Four systems of public policy

• Regulatory

• Distributive

• Redistributive

• Constitutive

Neumann

Dominant opinion on politics leads other opinions to disappear

Bourdieu on polls

• Critique

• Measure of only those who feel competent

• Fabricate public opinions

• Influence others’ perceptions

Habermas

• public opinion is a social construct

• Public opinion is only that of the educated elite

Mcombs & Shaw

• The media has an influence on the framing of issues but they do not construct issues

Lasswell

• Propaganda is a ‘hypodermic’ needle that the populous passively accepts

Weber → On How Parties are Formed

• Parties are a form of socialization

• Based on personal interest rather than social ties

• Political parties are different from social movements

Palombara & Wiener

• Lasting organization

• Local

• Holding an exercising power

Duverger

Parties Emerge from Parliaments or Are naturally Occuring

• Naturally Occuring → More radical, from things like trade unions

• Parliament → Emerge among the elites in parliament (protects the interests of the elites)

Pombeni

Proto Parties existed

Offerle

There Exists an Electoral market

Olson Model

• Vote driven by perceived efficacy of the vote

• Electoral clientélisme

• More abstention

Rational Voter Model

• Game Theory

• Preference for the short term

• Established preferences based on past efficacy & utility

Michigan Paradigm

• Strong political party attachment

• Sense of partisan identity

• Stability of party identity

• 1960s

Siefried

Voting depends on geography (Dense cities → More liberal)

Cohen

Racial socialization (pioneered)

Weber on Nations and Nationalisms

The state is a contract, the nation is a collective

Billig

Banal Nationalism

Putnam

Democracy as a culture reliant upon social capital