Topic 4 section 2 leukocytes

white blood cells

leukocytes

do leukocytes contain a nucleus and organelles

yes

what percentage of leukocytes are in the blood

1%

what do WBC fight against

pathogens, bacteria, cancer cells, disease

what is it called when WBC move from blood stream into tissues

diapedesis

what 2 groups can leukocytes be divided into

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Which leukocytes are granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Which leukocytes are agranulocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes

what are the 2 most common leukocytes

neutrophils and lymphocytes

most to least amount of leukocytes in blood

Never let monkeys eat bananas

neutrophils are the most

numerous

which leukocyte is the first line of defence

neutrophil

describe a neutrophil

large size, multilobed nucleus, pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules

what is the function of a neutrophil

first responders, migrate quickly to inflammation, phagocytosis of bacteria, release enzymes and antimicrobial substances to destroy pathogens

describe an eosinophil

large size, bright pink, bilobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules

function of an eosinophil

spit out digestive enzymes which create holes in the parasitic worms which damages and kills the worm

describe basophil

large size, bilobed U or S shaped nucleus, purplish- black cytoplasmic granules

what is the function of a basophil

allergy responders releasing histamine and heparin, runny nose, preventing blood clotting

describe lymphocyte

small size, large nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

what is the function of a lymphocyte

fight infection directly and indirectly with T and B cells which also form a memory response

describe a monocyte

largest leukocyte, U/kidney shape nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

what is the function of a monocyte

clean up crew, engulf bacteria and waste, release cytokines which activate lymphocytes and turn into macrophages when entering tissue

what is leukaemia

over production of leukocytes

why is overproduction of leukocytes bad

creates premature and non-functional leukocytes

what is acute leukemia

mutation in stem cell

what is chronic leukemia

mutation in later cell

what is myeloid leukemia

affects myeloid cells

what is lymphotic leukemia

affects lymphocyte cells

what are platelets

cell fragments

platelets are formed from the

shedding of megakaryocytes

what do platelets have a role in

blood clotting

the process of stopping blood loss is called

hemostasis

how many steps in hemostasis

3

what is the first step of hemostasis

vascular spasm

what happens in vascular spasm

vasoconstriction of blood vessels driven by chemicals from damaged cells

what is the second step of hemostasis

platelet plug formation

what happens in platelet plug formation

injured cells chemicals activates platelets and makes them sicken to exposed collagen, then they release their own chemicals which increases the process

what is the third step of hemostasis

coagulation

what happens in coagulation

fibrinogen is converted to fibrin which makes mesh framework reinforcing the blood clot

is blood clotting positive or negative feedback

positive feedback

what happens after blood clotting

clot retraction

how does a clot retract

liquid is squeezed out, platelets release growth factor

the process of digesting a clot is called

fibrinolysis