Topic 4 section 2 leukocytes

leukocytes

white blood cells

yes

do leukocytes contain a nucleus and organelles

1%

what percentage of leukocytes are in the blood

pathogens, bacteria, cancer cells, disease

what do WBC fight against

diapedesis

what is it called when WBC move from blood stream into tissues

granulocytes and agranulocytes

what 2 groups can leukocytes be divided into

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Which leukocytes are granulocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes

Which leukocytes are agranulocytes

neutrophils and lymphocytes

what are the 2 most common leukocytes

Never let monkeys eat bananas

most to least amount of leukocytes in blood

numerous

neutrophils are the most

neutrophil

which leukocyte is the first line of defence

large size, multilobed nucleus, pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules

describe a neutrophil

first responders, migrate quickly to inflammation, phagocytosis of bacteria, release enzymes and antimicrobial substances to destroy pathogens

what is the function of a neutrophil

large size, bright pink, bilobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules

describe an eosinophil

spit out digestive enzymes which create holes in the parasitic worms which damages and kills the worm

function of an eosinophil

large size, bilobed U or S shaped nucleus, purplish- black cytoplasmic granules

describe basophil

allergy responders releasing histamine and heparin, runny nose, preventing blood clotting

what is the function of a basophil

small size, large nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

describe lymphocyte

fight infection directly and indirectly with T and B cells which also form a memory response

what is the function of a lymphocyte

largest leukocyte, U/kidney shape nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

describe a monocyte

clean up crew, engulf bacteria and waste, release cytokines which activate lymphocytes and turn into macrophages when entering tissue

what is the function of a monocyte

over production of leukocytes

what is leukaemia

creates premature and non-functional leukocytes

why is overproduction of leukocytes bad

mutation in stem cell

what is acute leukemia

mutation in later cell

what is chronic leukemia

affects myeloid cells

what is myeloid leukemia

affects lymphocyte cells

what is lymphotic leukemia

cell fragments

what are platelets

shedding of megakaryocytes

platelets are formed from the

blood clotting

what do platelets have a role in

hemostasis

the process of stopping blood loss is called

3

how many steps in hemostasis

vascular spasm

what is the first step of hemostasis

vasoconstriction of blood vessels driven by chemicals from damaged cells

what happens in vascular spasm

platelet plug formation

what is the second step of hemostasis

injured cells chemicals activates platelets and makes them sicken to exposed collagen, then they release their own chemicals which increases the process

what happens in platelet plug formation

coagulation

what is the third step of hemostasis

fibrinogen is converted to fibrin which makes mesh framework reinforcing the blood clot

what happens in coagulation

positive feedback

is blood clotting positive or negative feedback

clot retraction

what happens after blood clotting

liquid is squeezed out, platelets release growth factor

how does a clot retract

fibrinolysis

the process of digesting a blood clot is called