HIS 201 Unit 3 Simplified Study Guide (Chapters 10–13)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the HIS 201 Unit 3 Study Guide, including Market Revolution, Jacksonian Democracy, Reform Movements, and the Pre-Civil War South.

Market Revolution

Shift from local economies to a national economy.

Nationalism

Pride in the U.S. after the War of 1812.

John Marshall

Chief Justice who strengthened federal power.

McCulloch v. Maryland

States cannot tax the national bank.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Congress regulates interstate commerce.

Second Bank of the United States

National bank regulating the economy.

Erie Canal

Connected Great Lakes to the Atlantic; boosted trade.

Robert Fulton

Improved the steamboat.

Steamboat

Made transportation faster.

Railroads

Connected cities and expanded trade.

Samuel Morse

Invented the telegraph.

Telegraph

Instant long-distance communication.

Postal System

Improved communication and commerce.

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin.

Cotton Gin

Increased cotton production and slavery.

Lowell Mills

Textile factories employing young women.

Commercial Agriculture

Farming for profit.

National Trades' Union

Early labor union.

Mountain Men

Fur traders exploring the West.

Panic of 1819

First major U.S. economic depression.

Andrew Jackson

7th president; expanded democracy for white men.

Jacksonian Democracy

More white men gained voting rights.

Spoils System

Government jobs given to supporters.

Democrats

Supported Jackson.

Whigs

Opposed Jackson.

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina challenged federal law.

Tariff of Abominations

High tariff disliked by the South.

Force Bill

Allowed military enforcement of federal law.

Compromise of 1833

Reduced tariffs and ended the crisis.

John C. Calhoun

Supported nullification.

Henry Clay

Created the compromise tariff.

Battle of the Bank

Jackson fought the national bank.

Martin Van Buren

Jackson's ally and later president.

Trail of Tears

Forced removal of Native Americans.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supported Cherokee rights; ignored by Jackson.

American Colonization Society

Encouraged free Blacks to move to Africa.

Denmark Vesey

Planned slave revolt.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival inspiring reform.

Temperance Movement

Movement against alcohol.

Charles Finney

Revival preacher.

Lyman Beecher

Religious reform leader.

Temperance Societies

Groups promoting sobriety.

Maine Law

First statewide alcohol ban.

Dorothea Dix

Improved mental health care.

William Lloyd Garrison

Published The Liberator.

The Liberator

Anti-slavery newspaper.

Frederick Douglass

Former slave and abolitionist.

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist and women's rights activist.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Novel exposing slavery.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women's rights leader.

Seneca Falls Convention

First women's rights convention.

Grimké Sisters

Anti-slavery sisters.

Cult of Domesticity

Women belonged in the home belief.

American Renaissance

Growth of U.S. literature and art.

Walt Whitman

American poet.

Joseph Smith

Founder of Mormonism.

Brook Farm

Utopian community.

Oneida Community

Shared-property community.

Shakers

Simple-living religious group.

King Cotton

Cotton dominated the Southern economy.

Upper South

More diversified farming.

Deep South

Large plantations and more slavery.

Plantation

Large farm using enslaved labor.

Planter Class

Wealthy landowners.

Yeoman Farmer

Small independent farmer.

Paternalism

Slave owners claimed to care for enslaved people.

Gang System

Workers labored in groups all day.

Task System

Finished assigned work before personal time.

Spirituals

Religious songs of enslaved people.

Folktales

Stories preserving African traditions.

Gabriel's Rebellion

Failed slave revolt.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Major slave uprising in Virginia.

Gag Rule

Congress refused anti-slavery petitions.

Miscegenation

Relationships between different races.