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DISASTER
→ serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society
→ involves widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts
→ exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using own resources
→ can be sudden (earthquake, typhoon); progressive (daily exposure to pollution)
→ human induced (we don’t prepare for them), socially constructed events → social processes → characterize societies
→ part of new normal
HAZARDS
→ risky part of the environment
→ climate change + induces earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, etc
→ ex: stone on top of mountain
VULNERABILITY
→ hazard becomes dangerous if its near a human settlement
→ ex: house at the bottom of mountain
DISASTER
→ occurs when risk is enacted
→ ex: stone falls on house
TOP 20 PROVINCES AT RISK
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ECONOMIC
How to rebuild houses
SOCIAL
→ increases stress
→ lack of utilities and services
ENVIRONMENTAL
→ damage to infrastructure
SEVERE DISABILITY AFTER DISASTERS
→ AT RISK: >65 y/o, employed students, not living in their households, have 1+ health conditions, moderate or very poor
→ DISRUPTION OF ROUTINES: missing children, displaced support devices
→ restricted by environmental barriers
→ threat of financial and personal loss
→ predominance of fear, helplessness, and loss of confidence
MENTAL HEALTH
______ effects of disaster often last longer than physical manifestations
EMOTIONAL
Shock, anger, despair, grief, terror
COGNITIVE
Impaired concentration, memory impairment, confusion, intrusive thoughts
INTERPERSONAL
Alienation, social withdrawal, increased conflict, vocational impairment, school impairment
PHYSICAL
Fatigue, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, hyperarousal, gastrointestinal problems
IMPACTS TO WOMEN
Physical, emotional, spiritual, psychological
IMPACTS TO ELDERLY
→ many older people are at high risk: separated from family, have physical disability, cut off from services, suffer physical and psychological distress, specific health and nutritional needs, risk abuse and neglect
→ accomodations needed: restooms: no rails = fall, heavy things: can’t carry, maintenance meds, assistice devices, relief food: some are not ideal, lack of help
PWD STATISTICS
12% of the population
AGE BRACKETS
6% = 15-39 y/o
14% = 40-59 y/o
32% = 60+
SEX
9% = male
15% = female
IMPAIRMENTS
41% = mobility
23% = seeing
14% = hearing
10% = self care
HEALTH CONDITIONS
15% = vision problems
49% = back pain
40% = arthritis
36% = hypertension
31% = sleep problems
IMPACTS TO PWD
→ PWDs are 2-4x → perish in disasters
→ visual, auditory, intellectual, mobility limitations → lack of information → vulnerability
→ rescue, relief, and rehabilitation often leave out PWD
→ psychological trauma
→ increase in number of PWDs
→ inaccessibility of utilities
IMPACTS TO CHILDREN
→ physical
→ emotional
→ spiritual
→ psychological
→ possible behavior changes during disasters in 3-0 y/o: crying, anxious clinging, tantrums, changes in eating sleeping patterns, separation fears, startling easily
→ STATISTICS: child PWD: 1 in every 5 (20%)
IMPACTS TO RELIEF WORKERS
→ physical exhaustion
→ increased risk to sickness
→ risk in developing compassion fatigue
SENDAI FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2015-2030 EXPECTED OUTCOME
The goal is to significantly reduce disaster risks and losses in lives, livelihoods, health, and economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental assets.
SENDAI FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2015-2030 GOAL
Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness
= strengthen resilience
RA 10121
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
→ RISK FACTORS: hazards, exposures, vulnerabilities, capacities
→ Mainstreaming DRR and CCA
→ in planning and implementation
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
→ plan, monitor, mitigate
→ relocate, evaluate
POSSIBLE BEHAVIOR CHANGES 0-3 YEARS
crying | Anxious, clinging to caregivers | Increased temper tantrums |
Changes in eating and sleeping patterns | Separation fears | Startling easily |
DISASTER INTERVENTIONOLD MODEL
recovery and reconstruction only
DISASTER INTERVENTION NEW MODEL
includes preparedness
DISASTER INTERVENTION
MITIGATION | PREPAREDNESS | PREPAREDNESS STRATEGIES | SUGGESTED CONTENTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE SURVIVAL KIT | PARTICIPATORY CAPACITY BUILDING | ENSURING ACCESSIBILITY |
MITIGATION
→ action taken to permanently eliminate or reduce long term risk to life, property, function from hazards
→ = prevention
→ measures designed to prevent a natural phenomenon
→ warning signals
→ structural or non-structural
PREPAREDNESS
→ organize people around you
→ identify resources
→ document the plan
→ share the plan
→ know who to contact
→ evacuation plan at home
→ know first aid
→ know what else to do during a disaster
PREPAREDNESS STRATEGIES
→ participatory vulnerability and capacity assessment
→ risk and resource mapping
→ Barangay Disaster Action Plan
→ training
SUGGESTED CONTENTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE SURVIVAL KIT
→ water (1 liter per person)
→ first aid kit
→ First Aid Manual
→ canned food
→ nutritional food bars
→ blankets
→ AM/FM Radio
→ spare batteries
→ flashlight, etc
PARTICIPATORY CAPACITY BUILDING
→ emergency preparedness kit for people with disabilities
→ pet preparedness
Stockpiling
→ Use flash or lights over bells
→ learning materials
→ food
→ disaster-resistant or good storage
→ ADs
ENSURING ACCESSIBILITY
Creating wider bathrooms for wheelchair users; building safer bridges
DISASTERS ARE DIVINE INTERVENTIONS IN DISGUISE
→ How did Filipino therapists in the Philippines respond to past disasters?
ROLE OF THERAPISTS
→ Do not become a victim
→ First responder
→ Assist with medical services: triage
→ SLPs were instrumental in providing learning kits
THERAPISTS’ ROLE: DURING RESPONSE AND RELIEF
→ care for relief workers
→ Assist in psychosocial debriefing
→ Provide supportive services
→ Visit persons with disabilities
→ Reestablish routines
HOW DO YOU PREPARE YOURSELF BEFORE VOLUNTEERING IN DISASTER MISSIONS
→ raise own level of social awareness
Involve in socio-civic activities
Equip yourself
Recognize your endpoint
Support group
Reduce your risks
SAFETY AWARENESS FOR VOLUNTEERS
→ safety starts with your demeanor
→ use common sense
→ observe safety when traveling
→ know the culture
→ know the background
→ build community relations
→ be conscious of criminal activity
→ never discuss politics
→ know self-defense
→ pray
5 WAYS COUNTRIES ENSURE PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ARE NOT LEFT BEHIND WHEN THE DISASTER STRIKES
Disability inclusion in disaster risk reduction is critical | South Korea: KBS has a sign language interpreter on call for disaster-related breaking news | Jordan: national disability law into disaster risk planning, specialized service for the deaf |
New South Wales, Australia: disability service providers advise on the needs of PWDs to inform the development of the community emergency preparedness plan | Brazil: developed a tactile map of high-risk areas in Braille → includes persons with visual impairment in DRR | Philippines, Cebu Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction Network: advises government units on effective policy and practice for PWDs, prioritizing inclusion → equitable and effective DRR |
South Korea
KBS has a sign language interpreter on call for disaster-related breaking news
Jordan
national disability law into disaster risk planning, specialized service for the deaf
New South Wales, Australia
disability service providers advise on the needs of PWDs to inform the development of the community emergency preparedness plan
Brazil
developed a tactile map of high-risk areas in Braille → includes persons with visual impairment in DRR
Philippines, Cebu Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction Network
advises government units on effective policy and practice for PWDs, prioritizing inclusion → equitable and effective DRR