Biotechnology Crossword

Lyophilization

Its three steps include freezing, primary dryingand secondary drying

sticky ends

Unpaired bases on ends of DNA

gene

Basic unit of inheritance

PCR Steps

Denaturation, primer annealing and primer extension 

Epitope

The part of an antigen that makes contact with a particular antibody 

IgG monomer

Glycoprotein that has 2 antigen binding sites 

exons

Coding segments of DNA 

zumab

Nomenclature for humanized mAbs

polymerase chain reaction

Process that can turn a single copy of a gene into more than a billion copies 

DNA polymerase

Uses primers to copy a gene 

mAb

Homogenous population of antibodies that bind to only one antigen 

quantitative PCR

Uses fluorescent dye and fluorometer 

primers

Single-stranded DNA sequences used for PCR 

DNA ligase

Joins two DNA fragments 

restriction endonuclease

Cleaves DNA at specific base sequences 

denaturation

Loss of this globular structure of a protein

cloning vectors

Term used for small DNAs capable of autonomous replication 

electroporation

Small plasmids are introduced into bacterial cells through high-voltage pulses 

plasmid

Circular DNA molecule that can be used as a cloning vector 

bacteria

Most common expression system 

introns

Non-translated DNA 

recombinant DNA

Composite DNA molecules comprised of covalently linked segments from 2+ sources 

transformation

Small plasmids are introduced into bacterial cells through heat shock treatment 

paratope

The part of an antibody that recognizes and binds to an antigen 

genome

An organism’s DNA 

panitumumab

First therapeutic mAb developed using the Xenomouse model 

RT PCR

Uses cDNA 

insulin

Protein hormone that can be produced via recombinant DNA in Escherichia coli