AP Euro Unit 1 Terms and People and Dates n shi

Feudalism

The political structure arising in Europe after the fall of Rome for the purpose of survival

Feudal Contract

The vassal owes the lord their hand and sword, while the lord owes the vassal a fief and protection for his children

Clovis

King of the Franks, first Germanic King to become a baptized Christian

Battle of Tours

732

• Franks v. Arabs

• Charles Martel leads the Franks to victory

• SIG: The dominant religion of Europe is Christianity, not Islam

Pepin the Short

Son of Charles Martel

• Donated land to the Pope (the Papal States) in exchange for his support in becoming King of the Franks

• ^ The Donation of Pepin

Charlesmagne / “Charles the Great”

Son of Pepin the Short

• Creates a huge western European empire

• Promotes learning and arts, spreads Christianity

• 800: Crowned by Pope Leo III as “Emperor of the Romans”

  • Creates Holy Roman Empire

  • Origin of the Church-State conflict

Treaty of Verdun

843

Divides HRE into 3 parts, one for each son of Louis the Pious

The Crusades

1095-1291

• Conquering Jerusalem

• First Crusade succeeds, rest not so much

• SIG: Because later crusades were unserious, the credibility of the church was damaged.

Pope Innocent III

“The most powerful Pope”

• Claimed to hold ALL ecclesiastical and secular power

Saints

Designated by the church for being especially holy and virtuous

Relics

An object associated with a holy person/Jesus

Battle of Hastings

1066

• King Edward the Confessor dies with no heir

• Throne is claimed by Harold Godwinson

• His claim is disputed by several people, but chiefly William in Normandy

• William’s Norman army lands at Pevensey and attacks Harold’s army

• William wins, becomes King and earns the moniker “William the Conqueror”

• New dynasty, William creates precursor to Parliament

Magna Carta

1215

• King cannot tax without consent of Parliament

• King cannot seize property without consent of Parliament

• King cannot make arbitrary arrests

• King cannot sell pardons

• SIG: First time in history where the power of a ruler is limited by law

Disasters of the 14th Century

• Black Death

• Peasant Uprisings

• Hundred Years’ War

  • France v. England

  • England wins all major battles, France wins war

  • First military gunpowder

Leads to decline of serfdom