Fluids, Electrolytes, Urinary, and Reproductive Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on fluids and electrolytes, urinary system, and reproductive system.

What are the two main compartments of body fluids?

Intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).

What is the main cation in extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Sodium (Na⁺).

What regulates thirst in the body?

The hypothalamus.

What is the normal pH range for a human?

7.35 – 7.45.

What is a condition where pH is below 7.35?

Acidosis.

What are the main structures of the nephron?

PCT, Nephron Loop, Collecting Duct, DCT, Calyx.

What type of solution causes cells to shrink?

Hypertonic solution.

What component of urine is considered abnormal if present?

RBCs, WBCs, protein, glucose, casts.

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron.

What hormone is primarily responsible for fluid and electrolyte regulation?

Aldosterone.

What are male and female gametes, respectively?

Male gametes: Sperm; Female gametes: Ova.

What is the typical duration of the menstrual cycle?

28 days.

What does the acrosome do in sperm?

It is a cap on the sperm head that helps with fertilization.

What is the function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

It releases estrogen and progesterone after ovulation.

What is cryptorchidism?

Undescended testes.