Ch 11 parasympathetic and sympathetic

Parasympathetic nervous system Function:

Control the body's response while at rest

Where do parasympathetic nerves originate from?

Spinal cord, medulla

Parasympathetic nervous system activates response of…

Rest and Digest

Parasympathetic nervous system pathways:

Longer pathways, slower system

Effect of parasympathetic nervous system:

Decreases heart rate, bronchial tubes constrict, muscles relax, pupils constrict, increased stomach movements and secretions, increased saliva production, increase in urinary input

Sympathetic nervous system function:

Control the body's response during perceived threat

Sympathetic nerves originate in:

Spinal cord, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Sympathetic nervous system activates response of…

Fight-or-flight

Sympathetic nervous system pathways:

Very short neurons, faster system

Effect of sympathetic nervous system:

Increases contraction, heart rate, bronchial tubes dilate, muscles contract, pupils dilate, decreases stomach movement and secretions, saliva production decreases, releases adrenaline, converts glycogen to glucose for muscle energy, decrease in urinary output

Rumination:

repetitive thinking or dwelling on negative feelings and distress and their causes and consequences. Repetitive thought patterns can intensify feelings of sadness, frustration, and doubt, leading to an endless cycle of self-criticism and pessimism

Stress-response Pathway (HPA)

: Stress → Hypothalamus releases CRH → Pituitary releases ACTH → Adrenal cortex secretes cortisol → Cortisol feeds back to suppress CRH/ACTH