AP EURO - LEQ key facts unit 3 (industrial revolution)

poorhouses

Institutions established to provide shelter and work for unemployed particularly during the Industrial Revolution in Britain. They aimed to alleviate poverty but often subjected residents to harsh conditions.

Combination Acts

Parliament prohibited labor unions as a reaction to the radicalism of the French Revolution

Stage Carriages Act 1832

Replaced hackney cabs with omnibuses (double decker horse powered carriages) to make transportation more accessible and efficient. Ultimately, increased horse manure on streets

Broad Street Cholera Outbreak

In 1854, there was a major outbreak of Cholera in the city Soho due to water contaminated with animal and human excrement, which spread through a local pub, which Dr. John Snow and Rev. Henry Whitehead proved.

electric street car

A mode of public transportation introduced in the late 19th century, powered by electricity, which replaced horse-drawn carriages and improved urban mobility, it influenced Britain’s subway.

Sanitary Idea

Developed by Edwin Chadwick, the idea suggested that a underground water system be built to pipe out dirty water and pipe in clean water. It also suggested that diseases could be prevented by cleaning the urban environment.

Steam engine

First developed by Newcomen and Thomas Savory, by enhanced by James Watt, created an engine that ran on coal, which enabled the growth of factories as factories no longer needed to be located near sources of water.

Rocket

Developed by George Stephenson, the Rocket was the first commercial locomotive that reduced the cost of freight shipping and enabled masses of workers to travel to the urban cities to find work.

quantum mechanics

Developed by Max Planck, a fundamental theory in chemistry that detailed subatomic energy was emitted in uneven spurts and not in a steady stream which built the perspective that atoms, the building blocks of the universe, were unstable and unpredictable.

Freudian Psychology

A theory of psychology developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind or the (ID) on behavior, which originate from repressed thoughts and childhood experiences, signifying that the human mind was not subject to reason and people are rationally in control of themselves as they would like to be.

Pasteurization

Developed by Louis Pasteur. The fermentation of food causes the growth of bacteria, which can be suppressed by heating the food. This reduced food poisoning.

Antiseptic Principle

Developed by Joseph Lister, surgical tools needed to be sterilized with carbon acid to avoid post surgical infections which was the main cause of death at the time.

Bank of England

The central bank of the United Kingdom, so citizens, particularly the middle class, have a way to develop credit and have a stable currency.

Petite Bourgeoisie

Small industrialists, merchants, and professional men who demanded stability and security from the government. They were also skilled workers who benefited by the Bank of England.

The Conditions of the Working Class in England

Developed by Federich Engels, a communist, who believed that the working class was being exploited the capitalistic system in England, mainly run by the middle class.

The Communist Manifesto

Developed by Karl Marx, and detailed that the government should be run by the proletariat, who through violent revolutions, usurp the government from their exploiters, and have complete equality, only taking what they need.