AP World History: Dar Al-Islam

What are the three Abrahamic religions? 

Judaism, Christianity, & Islam. 

Where were Umayyad Caliphs based, and how was their rule?

The Umayyad caliphs were based in Damascus, and they ruled as iron-fisted conquerers and were overthrown in 100 years.

How were the caliphates social structure?

Hierarchial and Patriarchal.

Describe to the extent on converts to islam. 

Merchants and rulers saw direct benefits in allying with rich and powerful muslim conquerers, and were the first ones to convert. Merchants then helped spread islam among non conquered countries.

In what year did the Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) visit his native city of Mecca from his home in exile in Medina. 

632 C.E 

Describe ‘‘The Hajj’’

It is the holy pilgrimage to Mecca, which draws hundreds of thousands from all parts of the world to Saudi Arabia. Each year muslims travel to Mecca by land, sea,and air to make the pilgrimage and visit the holy sites of Islam.

Describe to the extent Hajj had become popular.

By the 9th century, pilgrimage had become so popular that muslim rulers went to some lengths to meet the needs of travelers passing through their lands.

Where did Islam arise?

In the Arabian Peninsula. 

Describe the Bedouin:

The bedouin organized themselves in family and clan groups. Indivisuals and their immediate families depended heavily on their larger kinship networks on times of need. Cooperation with kin often made the difference between death and survival.

Name the three ports that commodities arrived in:

Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and the Red Sea.

Where did Arabia become an important trade link in the 3rd Century. 

Between China & India in the East. Between Persia & Byzantium in the west. 

When was the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) born and what was his family like.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in 570 C.E into a reputable family of merchants in Mecca, he lost both of his parents by the time of six years old. His grandfather and uncle cared for him and provided him with an education. But his early life was difficult.

Where did he work as a young man? What was his real name?

Mohammad Ibn Abdullah, he worked as a merchant. 

Who did he marry and in what year?

He married Khadija, about 595 C.E

What was life like for the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by the age of thirty. 

He had established himself as a merchant. He made a comfortable life for himself in the Arabian society, where peoples of different religious and cultural traditions regularly dealt with each other. 

What happened in 610 C.E.

As Prophet Muhammad approached age forty, he went underwent a profound spiritual experience that transformed his life and left a deep mark on world history. His experience left him with convictions that in all the world there was only one true deity, Allah.

By what year did others start showing interest in his message? and Who

By 620, a zealous and expanding minority of Mecca’s citizenry had joined his circle.

What is the Quran? What is the Hadith?

The Quran is written versions of Prophet Mohammad(PBUHS)’s revelations. The Hadith is sayings attributed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)’s sayings and accounts of his deeds.

What happened as a result of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)’s rising popularity?

It bought him into conflict with the ruling elites. It was centered on religious issues. His insistence that Allah was the only divine power in the universe struck many polytheistic Arabs as offensive and dangerous.

Describe the events correlating to the Kaaba

As Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) relentlessly condemned the idolatry officially promoted at the Kaaba and other shrines, the ruling elites of Mecca began to persecute the prophet and his followers.

Where did some of Prophet Muhammad’s followers flee too? In which modern day country?

They fled to Abyssinia (modern Ethiopia)

What year did Muhammad leave Mecca, where did he flee too? What was the old name, and the new name of it. What does the modern name mean?

He left Mecca in 622 C.E, he fled to Yathrib, modern day Medina which means ‘‘city of the prophet’’

What did he do once in Medina.

He organized his small, but growing society into a community called the umma

What does Umma mean?

Community of the faithful.

What is an act of kindness the Prophet Muhammad did?

Remembering the difficult days of his youth, he provided relief for widows, orphans, and the poor, and he made almsgiving a prime virtue.