Anatomy & Physiology: Organ Systems

Integumentary System

Skin, hair, nails and cutaneous glands

Skeletal System

Bones, cartilages, ligaments

Muscular System

Skeletal muscles

Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

Cardiovascular System

Heart, blood vessels

Respiratory System

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Lymphatic System

Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils

Urinary System

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Digestive System

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancrease

Endocrine System

Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries

Reproductive System

Male: testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis

Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, vagina, uterus, mammary glands

Integumentary Functions

Protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication

Skeletal Functions

Support movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte; acid/base balance

Muscular Functions

Movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production

Nervous Functions

Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control, sensation

Cardiovascular Functions

Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, antibodies; fluid, electrolyte and acid/base balance

Respiratory Functions

Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid/base balance, speech

Lymphatic Functions

Recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease

Urinary Functions

Elimination of liquid waste, regulation of blood volume/pressure, stimulation of RBC formation, control of fluid, acid/base balance and electrolytes; detoxification

Digestive Functions

Nutrient breakdown and absorption, liver functions; metabolism of carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals; synthesis of plasma proteins; disposal of drugs, toxins, hormones; cleansing blood

Endocrine Functions

Hormone production, internal communication, and coordination

Reproductive Functions

Male: production and delivery of sperm; secretion of sex hormones

Female: Production of eggs; site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation, secretion of sex hormones