reproductive disorder

Increasing levels of progesterone after ovulation results in hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the endometrial glands of the uterus.

pyometra

also produces a decrease in myometrial contractions and predisposes the uterus to secondary bacterial infection (pyometra).

pyometra

2 types of pyometra

1. open

2. closed

clinical signs of pyometra

1. vulvar discharge

2. abdominal enlargement

3. vomiting, lethargy, polyuria, or polydipsia

4. dehydration, azotemia

diagnosis for pyometra

1. radiology (must rule out pregnancy)

2. ultrasound examination can distinguish between FLUID and PREGNANCY

3. CBC (neutrophils with LEFT SHIFT)

4. Nonregenerative anemia

5. serum chemistry

6. vaginal cytology

serum chemistry of pyometra

1. increase alkaline phosphatase

2. increase serum protein

3. increase BUN

shows degenerative neutrophils, si endometrial cells, and bacteria.

VAGINAL CYTOLOGY

preferred tx for pyometra

Ovariohysterectomy

tx for px of pyometra used for breeding

1. prostaglandin (lutlase)

2. systemic antibiotic after culture

Medical treatment is more successful when the cervix is

open (type) and draining

In bitches with pyometra,___ mortality rate is associated with ovariohysterectomy

5-8%

Difficulty in giving birth

dystocia

dystocia clincial signs

1. prolonged labor more than 4 hrs without releasing fetus

2. green vaginal discharge

3. more than 1 HOUR has ELPAPSED between births

dystocia tx

1. manual manipulation (dislodging)

2. oxytocin (1.1-2.2 IU/kg)

3. cesarian section if oxytocin did not respond

is released in response to suckling and increases milk letdown within the gland.

oxytocin

lack of milk production, can result from stress, malnutrition, premature parturition, or infection

agalactia

lactation disorder tx

1. broad spectrum antb:

• cephalexin

• amoxicillin and clavamox

2. warm compress

is predisposed to bacterial infection through the urinary system as well as direct infection of the gland itself.

prostate gland

the most frequently isolated bacterial organism involved in canine prostatitis

E. COLI

other bacterial organism found in prostatitis aside from E. coli

1. proteus

2. klebsiella

3. pseudomonas

4. streptococcus

5. staphyloccosy

6. B. canis

acute prostatitis cs

1. anorexia

2. fever

3. lethargy

4. stiff gait in the rear limbs

5. caudal abdominal pain

chronic prostatitis cs

1. may be asymptomatic

2. periodic UTI

prostatitis diagnosis

1. urinalysis

2. PEX

3. urine culture

prostatitis tx

1. acute: antb therapy for 28 days

2. chronic form: antb therapy for 6 wks

3. castration

4. prostatectomy

antb use for prostatitis

1. enrofloxacin

2. trimethoprim/sulfonamide

3. erythromycin

4. chloramphenicol

5. ciprofloxacin

most common tumor of female dogs, representing approximately 50% of all tumors of female dogs AND 80-90% in female cats

mammary gland tumor

Rapid growth, local tissue invasion, and ulceration are usually hallmarks of malignant tumors

mammary gland tumors

mammary gland tumor clinical sign

1. firm nodule id palpable in the mammary chain or gland

2. surrounding tissue may be involve: enlarging such as lymph nodes