Psych Disorders Exam 1

3D’s of psychology

1. Dysfunction/Impairment: must be significant

2. Distress: more distress than others would be

3. Deviation from norm

sometimes danger

definiton of a psychological disorder

behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with distress, impairment in functioning, or increased risk of death, suffering, or impairment

psychopathology definiton

scientific study of psychological dysfunction

types of mental health professionals

PHD: “clinical and counseling psychologist”, trained in research and delivering treatment

PSYD: “Doctor of psychology”, clinical and counseling, trained in delivery treatment

MD: “Psychiatrist”, prescribes medication

Psychiatric nurses

Licensed clinical social worker, delivers treatment

what are the 3 things scientist practitioners do

1. consumers of science: enhance the practice

2. Evaluators of science: determine the effectiveness of the practice

3. Creators of science: conduct research that leads to new procedures useful in practice

etiology definiton

causation

presenting problem definition

what brought you into the clinic

clinically significant definition

whats different from normal

prevalence definiton

rate of disorder in general population

incidence definiton

time limited (# of times per year)

acute disorder definition

sudden

insidious disorder definition

gradual

3 types of courses of disorders

1. episodic

2. lime-limited

3. chronic course

what is a guarded prognosis

a poor possible result, could be from not going to therapy or being inconsistent

what has changed in regard to psychological disorders over time

our understanding of it and how we treat it

3 dominant traditions to explain abnormal behavior

1. supernatural

2. biological

3. psychological

supernatural tradition info

good vs evil

caused by witchcraft, demonic possession, or sorcery

treatment included exorcism

Tarantism definition

Supernatural

bad behavior is caused by a spider or bacteria

Lunacy hearing

Supernatural

Paracelsus’s theory

mental health problems are a result of the pull of moon and stars

Hippocrates (Biological Tradition info)

father of western medicine

disorders are a physical disease

linked abnormalities to brain chemical imbalances

forsehadowed modern views

led to the idea of illness being untreatable with increased hospitalization

Galen extended hippocrates work with the humoral theory

Wandering uterus definition

symptoms were a result of uterus moving around in body

solution: marrige and surgery

humoral theory

too much/little of the four bodily fluids

1. blood (heart), phlegm (brain), black bile (spleen), yellow bile (liver)

Treated by changing environmental conditions or vomiting

general paresis definition and history

Late-stage syphilis

caused dementia and madness when untreated so penicillin got rid of STD but dementia stayed

mental illness = physic illness

Filip Pinel

French Psychiatrist

5 forms of insanity

1. mania

2. melancholy with delirium (depression)

3. melancholy without delirium (major depression)

4. Dementia

5. Idiotism (intellectual disabilities)

Neuroleptics definition

major tranquilizers

now called antipsychotics

minor tranquilizers are used to treat…

anxiety

Emil kraepelin info

father of classification

book with 18 disorders

first medical classification of psych disorders

1. manic depressive psychosis

2. dementia precox —> became schizophrenia

moral therapy (Psychological tradition)

treated institutionalized patients as normally as possible to encourage normal social interaction

CONS: overcrowding and staffing shortages, prejudice toward immigrants (thought not to deserve moral therapy if instituitionalized)

Dorthea Dix

psychological tradition

provided care for everyone who needed it, caused large influx in patients

oedipus context definition

some boys have a sexual desire toward mother and harm his father

psychoanalytic defence mechanisms reasoning and examples

ego’s attempt to manage anxiety resulting from id/superego conflict

displacement/denial, rationalization, projection

ego psychology creator and meaning

anna freud

defensive reactions of the ego determine behavior

Carl Jung

emphasized spiritual and religious drives

collective unconcious

alfred adler

feelings of inferiority and striving for superiority

pyschoasynalytic vs psychodyamic

1. dreams and unconscious

2. emphasis on past experiences

maslow

self actualization

hierachy of needs

Rodgers

unconditional positive regard

benefit of the doubt, empathy, tendency toward growth

Joseph Wolpe

systematic desentization and behavior therapy

biopsychosocial model broken down

bio: makeup

psycho: trauma

social: upbringing (physical environment)

heritability factor and examples

(genes play no role) 0 -> 1 (determined by genes)

schizophrenia: 0.48

intelligence: 0.5-0.65

a zero would be language and accent

diathesis definition

vulnerability to a disorder

diathesis stress model definition

disorders are a result of underlying risk factors like your biology

reciprocal gene-environment model

genes make it more likely for something in you environment to occur

one monozygotic twin gets divorced, other one is 500-600% more likely to get divorced

epigenetics definition

Environmental influences affect expresion of genes and descendants

parts of neuron and SSRI

dendrite: receive

axon: sends info

reabsorption = reuptake

SSRI blocks reuptake so serotonin can move more freely from one neuron to another

functions of neurotransmitters

serotonin: regulates behavior and mood

glutamate

gaba

norepinephrine: influences emergency reactions

dopamine: used in schizophrenia and substance disorders

agonists vs antagonists vs inverse agonists

agonists: increases levels of neurotransmitter (ex. SSRI)

antagonist: decreases or blocks neuro level

inverse agonist: opposite effect. ofneurotransmitter

hypothalamus purposeth

motivated behaviors

1. feeding

2. fighting

3. fleeing

4. fucking

thalamus purpose

major transmission center of neuron

all senses except smell use this

cerebral cortex purpose

houses 80% of neurons

hippocampus

memory

where smell comes from

picture: sphere center of brain

parietal lobe function

body sensations

temporal lobe function

hearing, visual processing

recognizes sights and sounds

standardization

process by which a set of standards or norms is determined for a technique to make its use consistent across different measurements

highest degree of standardization is in research studies

most used in clinical interviews

clinical interview

most frequently used

1. identifying info

2. presenting problem

3. specific symptoms

4. history of problems

5. social life and family history

6. alcohol history

7. developmental history

8. academic history

9. vocational history

10. medical history

11. mental status exam

12. diagnostic impressions

13. recommendations

14. prognosis

mental status exam

systematic observation of person during assessment

mood descriptors in examination

dysthymic: most people

dysphoric: depressed

labile: all over the place, changing mood

affect definition during examination

facial expression

most common hallucinations

1. auditory

2. visual

3. tactile

delusions

falsely held beliefs that are out of touch for reality

clear sensorium questions x4

2. person

3. place

4. time

5. what are you doing here

behavioral assessment definition

observable (physical, not really mood)

projective tests

rooted. inunconcious

rorchach-ink blot (most common), okay for schizophrenia diagnosis

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

objective personality inventories definition and example

self-reported questionnaire

ex minnesota multiphasic personality inventory: 500 true/false questions

neuropsychological tests definition

assesses dementia or brain injury

measures concentration, memory, motor skills, learning and abstraction

psychopphysiological assessment

measures changed in electrical activity in brain or anxiety disorders

dimensional approach vs prototypical approach

dimensional: vnotes ariety of cognititions, moods, and behaviors reported on a scale

prototypical: identifies certain essential characteristics of an entity

current DSM TR

220 disorders

1142 pages

comorbidity definition

more than one diagnosis at a time

axial system

I- clinical systems

II- intellectual disabilities

III- medical disabilities

IV- pyschosocial distressers

V- 0-100 objectively analyze a persons functioning

people with anxiety disorders have higher use of…

amygdala

HPAxis

manages bodily stress through hormones

generalized anxiety disorder

most common

occurs not over 6 months

impossible not to worry

benzodiazepines

quick fix dugs

valium and xanax

T/F Panic attack is a mental disorder in DSM

False (it is a medical disorder)

Panic Disorder

worry about panic attacks and have them for 1+ month

depleated levels of GABA associated with…

more anxiety

Barlow made

panic control treatment

drugs and psychological treatments