HC - U10: Gases Vocabulary - Grant

Barometer

An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure

Bernoulli’s Principle

When a fluid travels parallel to a surface, fast moving fluids exert low pressure and slow moving fluids exert high pressure.

Combined Gas Law

The law that describes the relationship among pressure, temperature, and volume of an enclosed gas

Compressibility

A measure of how much the volume of mater decreases under pressure.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gases

Diffusion

The tendency of molecules to move towards areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout

Effusion

The process that occurs when a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container

Graham’s Law

The rate of diffusion/effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Ideal Gas Constant

The constant in the ideal gas law with the symbol R

Ideal Gas Law

The law that describes the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount of gas using the Ideal Gas Law Constant

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory explaining the states of matter, based on the concept that all matter consists of tiny particles that are in instant motion

Manometer

an instrument used to measure the pressure of a confined gas compared to the atmospheric pressure

Partial Pressure

The contribution each gas in a mixture of gases makes to the total pressure

Pressure

The force exerted by particles of gas hitting the wall of the container they are within

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Standard set of temperature and pressure conditions, 1 atmosphere of pressure and 0 degrees Celsius