Investigating Science General's

Accuracy, Reliability, Validity,

Accuracy

Use precise equipment, calibrate instruments, and record consistent measurements.

Reliability

Repeat experiments, compare findings, and check for consistency.

Validity

Use control groups, control variables, and directly test the hypothesis.

Aim

The goal of the experiment and must include variables (e.g. To find whether increasing weight in water increases speed of falling in water).

Variables

Independent Variable (Constant), Controlled Variable (Confounding factors that need to be controlled), Dependent Variable (Variable being measured e.g. Speed of a reaction)

Hypothesis

The prediction of the experiment (Must be a statement).

Where should IV and DV be on a graph?

The independent variable (IV) should be plotted on the x-axis, while the dependent variable (DV) is plotted on the y-axis.

What is the definition of a scientific fact?

A basic statement established by experiment or observation. All facts are true under specific conditions. Some facts may be false when re-tested with better instruments.

What is the definition of a scientific law?

Scientific laws describe natural phenomena that consistently occur under the same conditions, often expressed mathematically.

What is the definition of a hypothesis?

A tentative statement such as ‘if A happens then B must happen’ that can be tested by direct experiment or observation. The statement has yet to be proven but can lead to scientific laws or theories.

What is the definition of a scientific theory?

An explanation for why certain laws and facts exist that can be tested to determine its accuracy.

What is the definition of a belief?

A statement that is not scientifically provable in the same way as facts, laws, hypotheses or theories. Scientifically disproven beliefs can still be held to be true.