Strong/Weak Acids & Bases

LiOH

lithium hydroxide (strong base)

NaOH

sodium hydroxide (strong base)

KOH

potassium hydroxide (strong base)

Ba(OH)₂

barium hydroxide (strong base)

NH₃

Ammonia (weak base)

C₂H₅NH₂

Ethylamine (weak base)

Any base with amine (NH2)

weak base

HCl

hydrochloric acid (strong acid)

HNO₃

nitric acid (strong acid)

H₂SO₄

sulfuric acid (strong acid)

CH₃COOH

vinegar/ethanoic acid (weak acid)

H₂CO₃

carbonic acid (weak acid)

H₃PO₄

phosphoric acid (weak acid)

monoprotic acid

acid that donates only one proton (H+) per molecule

polyprotic acid

acid that donates more than one proton (H+) per molecule

acid + base →

salt + water

acid + metal →

salt + hydrogen gas

amphoteric/amphiprotic

substance that can act as both a base and acid

Acids produce

H+ (as H₃O+) ions in water

Bases produce

OH- ions in water

Acids taste

sour

Bases taste/feel

bitter/slippery

STRONG acids/bases go through what kind of dissociation?

complete dissociation

WEAK acids/bases go through what kind of dissociation?

partial dissociation

equivalence point

point at which the two solutions used in a Titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts

end point

point at which the indicator changes color

the pH + pOH equals

14

the equation to calculate pH or pOH

-log(x)

Rules for naming bases

same as regular naming system

broadest definition of an acid/base

Lewis

narrowest definition of an acid/base

Arrhenius

Naming binary acids

1. hydro-

2. root word

3. -ic

Naming polyatomic acids (with oxygen)

1. root word

2. -ate → -ic

3. -ite → -ous

Naming polyatomic ions (without oxygen)

1. hydro-

2. root word

3. -ic