Thyroid Ultrasound harder

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
full-widthCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/65

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

66 Terms

1
New cards

What is the size of the thyroid?

4-6 cm in length

1-2 cm wide

2
New cards

What week does thyroid grows rapidly & divides into two lobes & reaches final state

week 7

3
New cards

What is the size of the isthmus?

4-6mm

4
New cards

The structure connecting the right and left lobes of the thyroid is?

The isthmus

5
New cards

What are the anatomical variants (4)

pyramidal lobe - extension superiorly from isthmus

asymmetry in size of lobes

failure to descend

Failure to develop isthmus

6
New cards

Echogenicity of thyroid?

hypoechoic to anterior strap muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle

& posterior longus colli

7
New cards

Euthyroid function means the thyroid function is?

Normal

8
New cards

Which muscle is located posterior to the thyroid?

Longus colli muscle

9
New cards

What is the function of the thyroid?

Produces, Stores and Secretes hormones

Regulates body growth

Body development

Controls metabolism

10
New cards

Increased levels of TSH indicate what?

Hypothyroidism

11
New cards

Decreased levels of TSH indicate what?

Hyperthyroidism

12
New cards

Increased T3 and T4 indicate

Decreased T3 and T4 indicate

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

13
New cards

What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism

Weight gain

Hair loss

Lethargy

Enlarged goiter

Cold

14
New cards

T/F Hashimoto's is a form of Hyperthyroidism

False, Hypothyroidism

15
New cards

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism/ Grave's disease

Weight loss

Finger Tremors

increase heart rate

Palpitations

Nervousness

Hot & flushed

Enlarged goitre

16
New cards

T/F Hot nodules on NM exam are worrisome for thyroid cancer

False Cold nodules 20% malignant don't take up iodine

Hot nodules are non-malignant

17
New cards

Roles of ultrasound for thyroid gland (7)

Detect size and location

Determine characteristics of nodule

guide biopsy/ aspiration

Determine extent of known malignancy

determine extent of local/regional recurrance

determine sonographic appearance of gland

NB: no functional info.

18
New cards

Describe the proper patient position for performing a thyroid ultrasound

Supine

Pillow under shoulders

Hyperextend neck

19
New cards

What are some questions you would ask your patient before performing an ultrasound?

Palpable mass

Thyroid medications

Abnormal labs

Previous imaging

Family hx of thyroid CA

Hx of radiation or prior thyroid surgeries

20
New cards

Why would you scan lateral to the jugular veins when performing a thyroid ultrasound?

To look for enlarged or abnormal lymph nodes

21
New cards

Normal thyroid sonographic appearance

Homogenous texture

Medium level echogenicity

Echogenic Capsule

22
New cards

Normal lymph node appearance

Hypoechoic

Oval

Echogenic Hilum

Vascular hilum

< 0.5

23
New cards

Overall worldwide, the most common cause of thyroid disorders is?

iodine deficiency

24
New cards

Most common cause of thyroid disorders in developed countries is?

autoimmune processes

25
New cards

What is the definition of a thyroid goiter?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland (focal or diffuse)

26
New cards

Causes of a goiter? (3)

Hyperplasia, neoplasia

inflammation

colloid distension of follicles

27
New cards

What is multinodular goitre?

diffuse diease

individual lesions appearance of adenoma - poorly circumscribed/ encapsulated

diffuse parenchyma heterogeneity & mixed echotexture

28
New cards

Nontoxic goiter

thyroid enlargement with no disturbance in thyroid function

29
New cards

Toxic goiter

Results from hyperactivity of thyroid gland

30
New cards

Graves disease

most common cause of hyperthyroidism - thyroid inferno - increase vascularity

Women

>30 years old

Autoimmune disorder

Thyrotoxicosis

31
New cards

Sonographic appearance of hyperthyoidism

generalised increase gland size

generalised lymphadenophy

32
New cards

Sonographic appearance of grave's disease

thyroid inferno

coarse echotexture

diffuse hyperplasia

33
New cards

Role of ultrasound in hypothyroidism

top low-value practice and intervention

do not routinely order thyroid ultrasound

34
New cards

Thyroiditis can be caused by?

bacterial/ viral (de Quervian's)

Can be autoimmune (Hashimoto)

Causes swelling and tenderness

Destroys thyroid gland

35
New cards

Sonographic appearance of thyroiditis

depends on stage of disease

acute

- swelling, homogenous, increase vasc.

chronic

- heterogenous, decrease in size

36
New cards

What is De Quervain's

Viral

Diffuse enlargement and inflammation

Eventually gland returns to normal

37
New cards

What are the two types of thyroiditis

De Quervain's Thyroiditis

Hashimotos

38
New cards

Hashimoto's Disease

Autoimmune disorder

Causes chronic inflammation

Usually occurs in young-mid aged women

Thyroid is diffusely enlarged

Hypothyroidism

Increased rate of malignancy

39
New cards

Sonographic appearance of Hashimotos

acute - increase vasc.

diffuse hypoechoic heterogenous echotexture

40
New cards

Describe the typical sonographic appearance of Hashimoto's disease

Heterogenous

Hypervascular

Coarse texture

Fibrotic septations

Enlarged

41
New cards

How can you tell the difference between a thyroid affected by graves disease vs. hashimoto's disease?

Through labs

Sonographically there is no differance

42
New cards

What are two benign thyroid lesions

Thyroid cysts

Adenoma

43
New cards

Adenoma

Benign

Females 7x more than Males

Euthyroid-normal

Hyperthyroid

Can be multiple

44
New cards

Sonographic findings of an adenoma

Variable

From anechoic to Hyperechoic

Fibrous capsule

Well circumscribed

May have a hypoechoic halo

May have a calcified rim

Can have hemorrhage

Necrosis

45
New cards

What are some risk factors for malignant thyroid lesions

Age 25-65

Female

Asian

Family history

History of radiation to head or neck

46
New cards

What are the types of malignant thyroid lesions

Papillary Carcinoma

Follicular Carcinoma

Medullary Carcinoma

Anaplastic Carcinoma

Lymphoma

47
New cards

Papillary Carcinoma 5

1.Most common

2.Least aggressive

3.Good prognosis

4.25% Mets to cervical lymph

5.Small punctate calcifications

48
New cards

Follicular Carcinoma 4

1. Single mass

2. 2nd most common

3. Spreads through blood

4. Mets to 4 thing

-Brain

-Lung

-Bone

-Liver

49
New cards

Medullary Carcinoma 3

1. 10%

2. Nodule or whole gland

3. Sipple Syndrome

50
New cards

Anaplastic Carcinoma

Rare

Rapid growth

Highly metastatic

Elderly patients

Invade through surrounding muscles

51
New cards

Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin's type

Primarily affects older women

Rapidly Growing

Chronic Hashimoto's

52
New cards

Abnormal Cervical lymph nodes

Rounded

Hypoechoic

Absence of fatty hilum

Punctate Calcs

Cystic changes

>0.5

53
New cards

Cysts of the neck

Brachial cleft cysts

-Congenital

-Lat neck mass

-Beneath mandible

Cystic Hygroma

-inadequate drainage of lymph fluid

-Post neck mass

Thyroglossal Cyst

-Embryonic remnant

-Anterior

-between tongue and isthmus

54
New cards

What are some Pitfalls Of Thyroid Imaging

Edge refraction shadowing from muscles anterior

Clavicle

Swallowing/ Breathing/Talking

Taut neck muscles

55
New cards

Parathyroid glands

4 total

4-6 mm length

2-4 mm width

0.5-2 mm thick

56
New cards

What is the function of the parathyroid

Regulates blood calcium levels

-bone

-intestines

-kidneys

57
New cards

Decreased calcium levels causes Parathyroid gland to produce and secrete what?

more PTH

- Causes glands to enlarge

- Pregnancy can also cause glands to enlarge due to an increased need for Calcium

58
New cards

Increased calcium levels causes Parathyroid glands to?

stop producing PTH

59
New cards

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Increased function-PTH

Woman are affected 2-3x more than men

Common after menopause

Leads to Hypercalcemia and Hypercalciuria

low serum levels of phosophate

60
New cards

The most likely cause of hyperparathyroidism is?

Adenoma

most common cause

61
New cards

Parathyroid Adenoma

Benign

< 3cm

1 gland

low level echogenicity

Symptoms: "Stones, Bone, Groans and psychic overtones"

62
New cards

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Hypocalcemia

Caused by

-Renal failure

-vitamin D deficiency

-malabsoption

Causes stimulate parathyroid to excrete excessive PTH

Affects all 4 glands

63
New cards

Aplasia of a lobe occurs most frequently on what side?

left

64
New cards

What type of gland is the thyroid?

Endocrine

65
New cards

Hyperthyroidism is most associated with

Grave's disease and exoplathalmic goiter

66
New cards

Name the salivary glands

1. Parotid Gland

2. Parotid (Stensen's Duct)

3. Submandibular (Wharton's) Duct

4. Sublingual Glands

5. Sublingual Ducts