Shapes of Molecules

What space do molecules exist in?

3D

What does the shape of a molecule influence?

Any intermolecular interactions and the properties of the substance.

What affects intermolecular interactions and the properties of a substance?

The shape of a molecule

What is a Lewis Diagram?

A way of representing the valence electrons of an atoms

What does a “x” or a “*” represent in a lewis diagram

The valence electrons

How many electrons does an atom like to have?

8. Atoms tend to be more stable with 8 valence electrons because of the octet rule

What is the octet rule?

The octet rule is a chemical rule that states atoms tend to bond in ways that leave them with eight electrons in their valence shell.

What are some exceptions to the octet rule?

H, He follow the duet rule

P and S can have up to 12 valence electrons

What substances can be represented with lewis diagrams?

Atoms, ionic and covalent substances

How many bonds does carbon tend to form?

4

How many bonds does oxygen tend to form?

2, with 2 lone pairs

How many bonds does Nitrogen tend to form?

3, with 1 lone pair

How many bonds do halogens tend to form?

1, with 3 lone pairs

What is a halogen?

A halogen is any of the six highly reactive nonmetal elements found in group 17 of the periodic table

What are some examples of a Halogen?

fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and tennessine

What is a bonding pair?

a pair of electrons shared between two atoms in a covalent bond

What is a lone pair?

a pair of valence electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are not shared with another atom and do not participate in chemical bonding