Mark Klimek Blue Book Part 1 Review

A comprehensive collection of nursing vocabulary flashcards covering topics from maternal-fetal health to pediatric and medical-surgical nursing as discussed in the lecture notes.

Abruptio Placenta

A condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely, causing painful vaginal bleeding.

Abruptio Placenta Demographics

Usually occurs in multigravida patients over the age of $35$; associated with hypertension, trauma, and cocaine use.

Abruptio Placenta IV Gauge

An $18$ gauge needle should be used in preparation to give blood if necessary.

Accidental Poisoning Peak Age

The age at which accidental poisonings are most common is $2$ years old.

Gasoline Ingestion Protocol

Vomiting should not be induced for gasoline or any other petroleum products.

Oral Mucosa Burn Causes

Chemicals such as lye and caustic cleaners cause burns to the oral mucosa when ingested.

Acne Vulgaris Causative Organism

P. acnes (propionibacterium acnes).

Accutane

A retinoid used for acne that is an analog of Vitamin A; its most important education relates to its potential to cause birth defects.

Tetracycline Instructions

Clients should take this antibiotic on an empty stomach and avoid sunlight due to photosensitivity.

Comedones

Term used to describe blackheads and whiteheads in acne patients.

HIV Lymphocyte Invasion

The AIDS virus (HIV) invades helper T-lymphocytes (or CD4 cells).

AIDS Transmission Routes

Transmissible through blood, sexual contact, breastfeeding, and across the placenta in utero.

HIV Diagnostic Tests

The ELISA is the first test for antibodies, and the Western Blot is used to confirm the results.

AIDS-Related CD4 Thresholds

A count under $500$ is associated with AIDS-related symptoms; a count under $200$ is associated with opportunistic infections.

Kaposi's Sarcoma

The number one cancer associated with AIDS, affecting the skin.

Azotemia

The presence of nitrogenous wastes in the blood, indicated by increased creatinine and BUN.

Acute Glomerular Nephritis (AGN) Cause

Group A beta-hemolytic strep.

AGN Dietary Restrictions

Moderate $Na^+$ restriction is the most common, followed by fluid restriction if edema is severe.

Early Adulthood Developmental Task

Intimacy vs. Isolation (ages $19$ to $35$).

Middle Adulthood Developmental Task

Generativity vs. Stagnation (ages $35$ to $64$).

Late Adulthood Developmental Task

Ego Integrity vs. Despair (ages $64$ to death).

Above the Knee Amputation (AKA) Positioning

The patient should lie prone several times per day to prevent hip flexion contracture.

Below the Knee Amputation (BKA) Prevention

Patients should be reminded to straighten their knee constantly while standing to prevent flexion contracture.

Abdominal Aneurysm Classic Symptom

A pulsating mass above the umbilicus; often 'silent' with no other symptoms.

Angina vs. MI Differentiation

Angina is relieved by nitroglycerine and rest; an MI is not.

Nitroglycerine Dosage Protocol

Take $1$ tablet every $5$ minutes for a maximum of $3$ tablets; if no relief, call the MD.

Anorexia Nervosa Diagnosis Criterion

A weight loss of $15$% or more of total body weight (less than $85$% of normal weight).

APGAR Scoring Timing

Performed on infants at $1$ minute and again at $5$ minutes after birth.

Apgar Cardiac Score of 2

Indicates a heart rate above $100$ BPM.

Acrocyanosis

A temporary condition in newborns resulting in bluish extremities (color score of 1) that may disappear with warming.

Appenditis Pain Localization

Pain eventually localizes in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) at McBurney's Point.

Kcalories per 1 gram of Carbohydrates

$4$ Kcalories.

Kcalories per 1 gram of Fats

$9$ Kcalories.

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Infant Bath Water Temperature

$100$ to $105$ degrees Fahrenheit.

Bell's Palsy

Affects Cranial Nerve #7 (facial nerve), causing unilateral facial paralysis.

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) Screening

Digital rectal exam is the best screening method for men over $50$.

Acid Ash Diet for BPH

Includes cheese, eggs, meat, fish, poultry, grains, cranberries, prunes, and plums to decrease urinary pH.

3-Way Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) Solution

Normal saline ($0.9$ NaCl).

Blood Pressure Cuff Sizing

Accurate measurements require a cuff width that is two-thirds the width of the arm.

Pulse Pressure Calculation

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure ($120/80$ has a pulse pressure of $40$ mmHg).

Blood Transfusion Compatibility Test

Type and cross match.

Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction Signs

Shivering, headache, low back pain, increased pulse/respirations, decreasing blood pressure, oliguria, and hematuria.

Buerger's Disease

Also known as Thromboangiitis Obliterans; characterized by intermittent claudication and highly associated with smoking.

Rule of Nines: Head and Neck

$9$%.

Burn Shock Phase Duration

Lasts for the first $24$ to $48$ hours after a burn, characterized by increased potassium and metabolic acidosis.

Burn Management Fluid Calculation

3cc \times kg \times \text{% burned per day}.

Stomatitis Management

Rinse with $H_2O_2$ after meals and apply K-Y Jelly to cracked lips.

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Isolation

Protective (reverse) isolation is required when the ANC is below $500$.

Rheumatic Heart Disease

The number one cause of Cardiac Disease (CD) in pregnancy.

Cesium Implant Safety Principles

Distance, Shielding, and Time.

Cast Syndrome

Bowel obstruction due to anxiety/stress and hyperextension in a body cast; treated with NPO and NG tube decompression.

Cataract Visual Defects

Cloudiness, diplopia (double vision), and photophobia (sensitivity to light).

Celiac Disease

A malabsorption disease where the client cannot tolerate gluten (a protein).

Gluten-Free Diet Prohibited Grains

Wheat, Oats, Rye, and Barley (Rice and Corn are allowed).

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A warning sign of impending CVA with neurological deficits lasting $30$ seconds to $24$ hours.

Aphasia Types

Receptive (inability to understand incoming language) and Expressive (inability to respond verbally correctly).

Otitis Media Signs

Hearing loss, feeling of fullness, hyperpyrexia (fever), and ear drainage.

Cleft Lip/Palate Feeding

Infant should be in an upright position and burped frequently to prevent aspiration.

Logan Bow

A device worn after cleft lip repair to prevent stress on the suture line.

Colostomy Irrigation Solution

Tap water warmed to $99$-$100$ degrees Fahrenheit.

Right-Sided CHF Symptoms

Dependent edema, Jugular Venous Distension (JVD), abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly.

Cushing's Syndrome Electrolytes

Hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia.

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis

Confirmed via Iontophoresis (sweat test) showing increased chloride.

Ptyalism

A perceived increase in salivation, commonly seen in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Chloasma

The 'mask of pregnancy' characterized by deepening pigmentation on the face, beginning after week $16$.

Retinal Detachment Symptoms

Flashes of light, floaters, and a sensation of a veil or curtain in the line of sight.

Infant Birth Weight Milestones

Weight should double in $6$ months and triple in $1$ year.

Theophylline Therapeutic Level

$10$ to $20$ micrograms/dL.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Implantation outside the uterus, most commonly (90%) in the Fallopian tube.

Meniere's Disease Triad

Paroxysmal whirling vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus.

Kernig's Sign

A sign of meningitis; positive when there is pain in the knee when straightening the leg with the hip flexed.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

A disturbance in nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction due to a lack of Acetylcholine.

Tensilon Test

Diagnostic test for Myasthenia Gravis where the patient shows a dramatic increase in muscle strength after administration.

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Characteristic

Bloody diarrhea and one-layer ulcerations localized in the Rectum and Sigmoid colon.

Crohn's Disease Characteristic

Regional enteritis with lesions through all layers of the bowel forming 'patches' and a 'string sign' on X-ray.

Bradypnea

A respiratory rate below $10$ per minute.

Tachypnea

A respiratory rate above $24$ per minute.

Montgomery Straps

Adhesive strips used to facilitate frequent dressing changes without removing tape from the skin.

Sickle Cell Crisis Priorities

Oxygenation, Hydration, and Pain control.

Autonomic Dysreflexia (Hyperreflexia)

A medical emergency in quadriplegics caused by a full bladder or bowel, leading to severe hypertension and sweating.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Also known as Tic Douloureux; involves Cranial Nerve 5 and causes severe episodic one-sided facial pain.

Mantoux Test (PPD)

TB screening read after $48$ to $72$ hours; positive result is an induration of $10$ mm or more.

Chvostek's Sign

A sign of hypocalcemia where tapping the cheek causes a facial twitch.

Trousseau's Sign

A sign of hypocalcemia; carpopedal spasm occurs when a blood pressure cuff is inflated on the arm.