Organic and inorganic compounds quiz ( anatomy)

organic compounds

contain carbon
-carbohydrates
- lipids
-proteins
- nucleic acids

inorganic compounds

DO NOT contain carbon
- ex: water, salts, acids, bases

water

- inorganic
- most abundant inorganic compound
- 2/3 of body weight
- high heat capacity
--> little change in temperature
- excellent solvent
- chemicals dissolve easily
- important reactant in some reactions
- hydrolysis reaction
-cushions organs

salts

-inorganic compound
- separate into ions (in water)
-electrolytes
- contain calcium and phosphorus

acids

- inorganic
-sour
(H+ ions !!!)
- called "proton donors"
- hydrochloric acid
^acid in our stomach

bases

- inorganic
-bitter
-slippery
- proton acceptors ( alkalizes)
- ex: OH
- hydroxyl ions "seek" protons ( H ) to neutralize

neutralization reaction

- interaction between an acid and base
- ex: water and salt

what has a PH less than 7?

acid

PH greater than 7?

base

what is a Ph of 7 called

neutral

carbohydrates

- organic compound
-sugars starches
- CHO
-MAIN energy source for cells
- glucose !!
- 3 types: monosaccharides, disaccharides , polysaccharides

monosaccharides

- one --> building blocks
- simple sugar
- glucose (blood sugar)
- fructose ( fruit)
-galactose ( milk)

disaccharides

double sugars
(mono + mono)
= joined by dehydration reaction
- must be broken down to be absorbed
- sucrose (glucose + fructose)
- lactose ( glucose + galactose)
- maltose (glucose + glucose)

polysaccharides

- long chains of glucose molecules
- not sweet
-starch
- formed by plants ^
-glycogen
- found in animal tissue ( mostly muscle)

lipids

fats
- organic molecule
- CHO
-3 types:
- triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
*do not dissolve in water*
- yield lots of energy when broken down

triglycerides

neutral fats
(lipid)
- 3 fatty acids + glycerol
- under the skin and around organs
- insulate and protect
- can be solid or liquid
- 2 types: saturated and unsaturated

saturated fats

- triglyceride
- animal fats
-bind with more H atoms
- bad
- solid

unsaturated fats

- plant oils
- double bonds
- easier to break down

phospholipids

- phosphate group, 2 fatty acids, and glycerol
- found in cell membranes
- phospholipid bilayer

steroids

- lipid
- 4 interlocking rings
- cholesterol
- ^ vital (found in liver, membranes, form vitamin D and hormones)

proteins

- organic
- constructional materials
- role in cell function
- CHON
- made of 20 amino acids
types: fibrous, globular

amino acids

- building blocks of proteins
- join together

fibrous proteins

- long fibers
- structural proteins
- strength in tissues
collagen ! ( most common in body)
^ found in bones, cartilage, tendons,
flexible and springy

globular proteins

- functional proteins
- string of amino acids that folds over itself into a shape
- mobile
role in biological process
- antibodies, hormones, enzymes, catalyst,

enzymes

- globular protein
- biological catalyst
- can be reused
- end in "ase"

nucleic acids

- make up genes
- determine the type of organism you will be and direct growth and development
- dictate protein structure
- CHONP
made of nucleotides --> sugar
- 3 parts
nitrogen base
DNA
RNA
ATP
5 carbon sugar (phosphate group )

nitrogen - containing bases

A T C G U

dna

- nucleic acid
-deoxyribonucleic acid
-genetic material in nucleus
- instructions
for protein production^
- double helix
- ATCG
deoxyribose = sugar

rna

- ribonucleic acid
- outside the nucleus
- carries out protein synthesis under dna's instructions
ribose = sugar
3 types:
- messenger
- transfer
- ribosomal

messenger rna

picks up code from dna
- carries the protein info to the ribosomes

transfer rna

- carries the amino acids to the ribosomes

ribosomal rna

- makes up ribosomes
- guides the amino acids into correct order

ATP

- adenosine triphosphate
- usable form of energy
-3 phosphate groups
- chemical energy usable by cells
- glucose is metabolized and energy is stored as ATP
- bonds broken = energy is released

what organic compounds make up:
- Carbohydrates

C H O

what organic compounds make up: lipids

C H O

what organic compounds make up: proteins

C H O N

what organic compounds make up: nucleic acids

C H O N P