4. Aristotle

Aristotle

Founder of Lyceum Academy and influential philosopher.

Lyceum Academy

Aristotle's school for philosophical studies.

Political Society

Community where human faculties are developed.

Golden Age of Greece

Period of cultural flourishing before Macedonian dominance.

Influential Political Theories

Aristotle's ideas impact contemporary political debates.

Aquinas' View

Referred to Aristotle as 'the philosopher'.

Maimonides' View

Called Aristotle 'the Master of those who know'.

Development of Faculties

Requires cultivation within a political society.

Justice

A key concept shared with Plato's Republic.

Revolution Causes

Factors leading to societal change, diverged from Plato.

Virtuous Regime

Ideal government fostering moral and ethical development.

Political Participation

Engagement in community governance enhances human abilities.

Human Perception

Ability to discern good, evil, just, and unjust.

True Citizen

Shares in ruling and being ruled for goodness.

Polis

City-state emerging from smaller human associations.

Teleological Approach

Focus on full development and purpose of entities.

Telos

Ultimate goal or purpose of a being.

Acorn Example

Represents potential growth into an oak tree.

Environmental Factors

Conditions affecting growth and development of beings.

Human Telos

Realizing potential for reasoned speech and ethics.

Human Associations

Groups necessary for developing human capacities.

Subordinate Associations

Lower groups contributing to higher associations.

Household

First human association fulfilling basic life needs.

Beast or God

State of being without a city.

Development of the State

Growth from family to polis through associations.

Self-Perfection

Achieving one's telos through societal participation.

Just Society

Established through citizen discussions in the polis.

Social Ethics

Knowledge and practice of moral principles in society.

Functional Virtue (Arete)

Excellence in worldly activities or functions.

Moral Virtue (Ethike)

Excellence in human relationships and interactions.

Golden Mean

Moderation between extremes in behavior.

Courage

Balance between recklessness and cowardice.

High-mindedness

Healthy self-image and accurate self-appreciation.

Vanity

Inflated sense of one's importance.

Small-mindedness

Inferiority complex and lack of self-worth.

Philia

Deep association between friends and family.

Incidental Friendship

Friendship based on utility or pleasure.

Vices Correction

Improving character by addressing negative traits.