Independence Movements

Flashcards covering key concepts and figures related to independence movements and decolonization, particularly in India and South Africa.

Decolonization

The process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers.

Civil disobedience

A non-violent, public refusal to obey unjust laws as a form of protest.

Gandhi

Leader of India's independence movement known for employing non-violent civil disobedience.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa.

Homelands

Territories set aside for black South Africans under apartheid, limiting their rights and freedoms.

Steve Biko

Anti-apartheid activist who advocated for black consciousness and was a leader in protests against apartheid.

Desmond Tutu

South African Anglican bishop and social rights activist who fought against apartheid and advocated for non-violent resistance.

Nelson Mandela

Anti-apartheid revolutionary who became South Africa's first black president and a symbol of resistance against apartheid.

F.W. de Klerk

Last president of apartheid-era South Africa who played a significant role in dismantling apartheid policies.