Livestock Feeds and Feeding - Vocabulary

Flashcards covering vocabulary related to livestock feeds and feeding.

Feedstuffs

Any material of artificial or natural origin, fed to animals for the purpose of sustaining them.

Forages

Vegetative plants in a fresh, dried, or ensiled state which are fed to livestock (e.g., hay or silage).

Food (biological definition)

Any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and grow.

Food (as the carrier)

The carrier of nourishment or nutrients.

Food (social definition)

A limited number of substances that are acceptable for consumption based on the culture or religion of the area.

Nutrients

Constituents of the food that are indispensable to the normal functioning of the body.

Nutrients Purpose

Provide energy, structural integrity, maintain or repair body parts, and support growth.

Nutrients Include

Water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

Nutrient

A chemical constituent of feed which nourishes or has a specific function in an animal.

Nutrient Can Be

A single chemical element (e.g., Sodium), a compound (e.g., casein), a group of substances (e.g., lipids), or a combination of substances (e.g., Glycolipids).

Dry Matter

That portion of a feed or tissue remaining after the water has been removed, usually expressed as a percentage.

Organic Matter

That portion of the feed which does not contain any mineral (inorganic) elements.

Palatability

Degree of acceptability of a feed or feedstuff to the taste or the degree of its acceptability to be eaten by an animal.

Pasture

Fenced area of vegetation on which animals are grazed.

Proteinaceous

Material containing protein as such or as the major nutrient

Appetite

Refers to internal factors (physiological or psychological) that stimulate or inhibit hunger

Carbonaceous

Material containing carbon as such or as organic (plant or animal) matter.

Digestibility

Measurement or estimate of the feed constituents which, upon consumption by the animal, does not appear in the faeces and is assumed to have been absorbed.

Animal production

Process of converting CH2O-based feed material into products which are mainly protein and fat in nature.

Dry Forages and Roughages Examples

Low protein (

Dry Forages and Roughages Includes

All forages and roughages cut and cured and other products with > 18% fibre

Pasture, Range Plants, and Forages Fed Fresh Includes

All forage feeds uncut or cut and fed fresh.

Silages

The product formed when grass or other material of sufficiently high moisture content liable to spoilage by micro-organisms is compressed and stored in anaerobic conditions.

Silages Includes

Ensiled forages (e.g., Maize, Alfalfa, grass, etc.), but not fish, grain, roots, or tubers.

Energy Feeds

Products with < 20% protein and < 18% fibre.

Energy Feeds Examples

Grains, roots, fruits, and tubers.

Protein Supplements

Specially designed products for mixing before feeding.

Protein Supplements Includes

Protein rich feeds such as fishmeal.

Protein Supplements Can Be

Oil Seed meals (e.g., sunflower meal and cottonseed meal) and Animal protein sources (e.g., carcass meal, blood meal)

Additives

Supplements such as antibiotics, flavors, hormones, and medicants.

Total Mixed Rations

Specially formulated mixtures of several ingredients designed to meet all the nutrient requirements of livestock.