Seismic hazards

Primary hazards

• Ground shaking

• Ground rupture

Secondary impacts

• Soil liquefaction

• Landslides/avalanches

• Tusmami

• fires

Ground shaking

The vibration of the earth caused by seismic waves during an earthquake, which can damage buildings, roads, and infrastructure

Ground rupture

The visible breaking or displacement of the Earths surface along a fault line due to an earthquake

soil liquefaction

Saturated soil temporarily loses its strength and behaves like a liquid due to intense shaking, leading to building collapse and ground instability

Landslides

Movement of rock, soil or snow triggered by earthquake vibrations often occurring on steep slopes

Tsunamis

Large, powerful sea waves generated by underwater earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions capable of causing widespread costal disruption

Fires

Can start due to ruptured gas lines, electrical failures or fallen infrastructure following on earthquake, often leading to secondary disasters

Impacts