Accessibility

What is “accessibility” in UX design?

Making content usable by as many people as possible, including those with disabilities.

What does WCAG stand for?

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.

Why make websites accessible?

It’s legally required, prevents lawsuits, and it’s the right thing to do ethically.

Name the four core principles of accessibility.

Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust.

What is “perceivable” design?

Ensures users can sense and access content through sight, hearing, or assistive tech.

What is “operable” design?

Users can navigate and interact using different input methods, like a keyboard.

What does “understandable” mean in accessibility?

The site’s structure and controls are predictable and easy to comprehend.

What does “robust” mean in accessibility?

The site works reliably across devices, browsers, and assistive technologies.

What are the WCAG compliance levels?

Level A (basic), Level AA (industry standard), Level AAA (enhanced accessibility).

What is “alt text” used for?

Describes images for users who can’t see them; read by screen readers.

Ideal length for alt text descriptions?

Roughly 140 characters.

Minimum color-contrast ratio for text?

4.5 : 1 (for regular text); 3 : 1 for large text.

How should headings be structured?

Use a single H1 per page; nest subheadings logically for screen readers.

Why avoid blinking or flashing content?

It can cause seizures or distraction for users with photosensitive disorders.

What tool can audit web accessibility?

Google Lighthouse (for automated testing).