Bio Midterm 2024-25 i gues idk wtf bozo l plus ratio plus fucking joe biden or smth

chnops

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, potassium, sulfur

parts of amino acid

carbon backbone, r group, amino group, other

bent lipid is saturated or unsaturated

unsaturated

parts of nucleotide

phosphate group, nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar

break down waste in cells EUKARYOTIC

Lysosomes

letters for dna

atcg

letters for rna

atcu

read this then say “ok”:

large intestine absorb vitamin etc

small intestine absorb nutrients

ok

just say ok i forgot to delete this and i am too lazy

ok

(tonic) stuff moves out of area/cell (too much)

hypertonic

(tonic) stuff moves in area/cell (too little)

hypotonic

another word for hypertonic (moves out of cell) for ANIMALS

shriveled

another word for hypertonic (moves out of cell) for PLANTS

plasmolysed

another word for hypotonic (moves in cell) for ANIMALS

Lysed

another word for hypotonic (moves in cell) for PLANTS

turgid

osmosis pathway i guess

aquaporin

primary protein structure in a line

polypeptide chain

secondary protein strucutre

helix

tertiary protein structure

blob

quarternary protein structure

big blob

atp parts (two of the three thing for adp)

3 phosphate group, one adenine, one ribose sugar

breaks down carbs into glucose

amylase

pancreas enzymes

amylase, lipase, protease

food endocytosis

phagocytosis

endocytosis with receptors

receptor-mediated endocytosis

fluid endocytosis

pinocytosis

enzyme for proteins and peptides also pepsin

protease

enzyme for proteins in digestive system

trypsin

to mix two unmixible liquids

emulsify

does air vs food in throat

pharynx

A type of cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. __________ cells are unicellular organisms found only in the domains bacteria and archaea.

prokaryotes

An organism with complex cells with distinctive traits such as a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, a cytoskeleton, and the presence of introns in genes.

Eukaryotes

The substance that fills the inside contents of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Contains a semifluid medium, composed mainly of water, and organelles

Cytoplasm*

A cellular structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis. The ________________ subunits are synthesized in the nucleolus. _____________ can be found in the cytoplasm of the cell in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but in eukaryotes, they can also be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well.

Ribosomes

The double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a cell. It is also called the nuclear membrane. it is porus (diffusion)

nuclear envelope

An organelle made up of a series of sacs and tubes that assemble other cellular components. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth. Rough ER has ribosomes embedded in it and plays an important role in protein synthesis. Smooth ER, which does not have ribosomes, has different functions such as the synthesis of lipids.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum. does protein and lipid shit yipee

Golgi apparatus

A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used to isolate and transport materials in a cell. Some types of ________ fuse with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, allowing them to empty their contents into those organelles. SMALLER

vesicles

A type of vesicle containing mostly water that is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. __________ are specialized mainly for storage. Their membranes do not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components. BIGGER

Vacuoles

heres the thing

gotcha