Acids, Bases and Salts Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, types of indicators, chemical concepts, natural acid sources, and salts from Class 10th Chemistry.

Acid

A chemical substance usually sour in taste, turns blue litmus paper red, releases hydrogen ions ($H^+$) in solution, and has a $pH < 7$.

Base

A chemical substance bitter in taste and soapy to touch, turns red litmus paper blue, releases hydroxyl ions ($OH^-$) in solution, and has a $pH > 7$.

Indicator

A chemical compound that changes its colour in the presence of an acid or a base.

Natural Indicator

An indicator obtained from natural sources, such as litmus solution, hydrangea flowers, and turmeric.

Synthetic Indicator

An indicator synthesized through chemical processes, such as phenolphthalein and methyl orange.

Olfactory Indicator

A substance whose odour changes in an acidic or basic medium, such as vanilla, onion, and clove oil.

Litmus Solution

A purple dye extracted from lichen that is used as an acid-base indicator.

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water, involving the combination of $H^+$ ions and $OH^-$ ions.

Dilution

The process of mixing an acid or base with water, reducing the concentration of $H_3O^+$ or $OH^-$ ions per unit volume.

Diluted Acid

An acid solution containing a small amount of acid solute dissolved in a large amount of water solvent.

Concentrated Acid

An acid solution containing a large amount of acid solute dissolved in a small amount of water.

pH

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, derived from the German word potenz meaning power of hydrogen.

Universal Indicator

An indicator mixture that shows different colors at different concentrations of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) in a solution.

Strong Acid

An acid that releases a high concentration of $H^+$ ions in solution.

Weak Acid

An acid that releases a low concentration of $H^+$ ions in solution.

Salt

An ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions held together by ionic bonds.

Chlor-Alkali Process

An industrial electrolysis process of brine ($NaCl_{(aq)}$) that yields sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$), chlorine gas ($Cl_2$) at the anode, and hydrogen gas ($H_2$) at the cathode.

Baking Soda

The common name for Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate ($NaHCO_3$), a basic salt used in baking powder, antacids, and soda-acid fire extinguishers.

Washing Soda

The common name for Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate ($\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \cdot 10\text{H}_2\text{O}$), used in glass, soap, and paper industries, and to remove permanent hardness of water.

Bleaching Powder

The common name for Calcium Oxychloride ($CaOCl_2$), produced by reacting chlorine with slaked lime ($Ca(OH)_2$).

Plaster of Paris

Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate ($\text{CaSO}_4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\text{H}_2\text{O}$), obtained by heating gypsum ($\text{CaSO}_4 \cdot 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$) and used for supporting fractured bones.

Water of Crystallisation

The fixed number of water molecules chemically attached to one formula unit of a salt in its crystal form.

Acetic Acid

The organic acid naturally present in vinegar.

Citric Acid

The organic acid naturally present in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons.

Tartaric Acid

The organic acid naturally present in tamarind.

Oxalic Acid

The organic acid naturally present in tomatoes.

Lactic Acid

The organic acid naturally present in sour milk or curd.

Methanoic Acid

The organic acid present in ant stings and nettle stings.